1. 1 stay safe @ work For students in NSW government schools and TAFE NSW institutes August 2004 Vocational Education in Schools D I R E C T O R A T E D I R E C T O R A T E

2. 2 Occupational Health and Safety Rights and Responsibilities Legislation A safe workplace Risk Management OH&S

3. 3 OH&S trends in NSW The incidence rate of employment injuries has dropped from 28.6 per 1000 workers in 1994/95 to 20.3 in 2000/01. The incidence rate of employment injuries has dropped from 28.6 per 1000 workers in 1994/95 to 20.3 in 2000/01. Since 1994/95 permanent disability cases have declined. Since 1994/95 permanent disability cases have declined. A total of 1,713 fatalities were reported during the ten year period 1991/92 to 2000/01. A total of 1,713 fatalities were reported during the ten year period 1991/92 to 2000/01.

4. 4 OH&S Australian statistics In 2000/2001 In 2000/2001 –$30 billion was spent on payments to workers due to workplace injuries –200 workplace fatalities occurred –14,000 work related injuries were reported

5. 5 Which group of workers are greatest at risk? Young workers under the age of 25 Young workers under the age of 25 New workers including those: New workers including those: –entering the workforce for the first time –re-entering the workplace –employed for less than 12 months –transferring to a new job Male employees Male employees

6. 6 Why? Lack of experience Lack of experience Eagerness to please Eagerness to please Lack of training in OH&S Lack of training in OH&S Lack of supervision Lack of supervision

7. 7 Youth statistics in NSW In 2000/2001 In 2000/2001 –13 workers under the age of 25 were killed in the workplace. –all of these workers were male. –this represented 9% of all fatalities. –of these, seven were killed by vehicle accident Approx 4,500 workers under the age of 25 were injured. Approx 4,500 workers under the age of 25 were injured. Some of these injuries were minor, allowing rapid return to work. Others were major and more incapacitating. Some of the young people will never be able to go to work again! Some of these injuries were minor, allowing rapid return to work. Others were major and more incapacitating. Some of the young people will never be able to go to work again! (Statistical Bulletin 2000/2001, WorkCover NSW)

8. 8 Top 5 critical injuries to young workers Broken bones Broken bones Severe loss of blood Severe loss of blood Head injuries Head injuries Amputation Amputation Severe burns or scalds Severe burns or scalds WorkCover, NSW

9. 9 Top 5 causes of injury to young workers Manual handling Manual handling Slips, trips and falls Slips, trips and falls Being hit by moving objects Being hit by moving objects Falls from a height Falls from a height Hitting moving objects Hitting moving objects WorkCover NSW

10. 10 Consequences of workplace injuries Financial costs Financial costs Human costs Human costs Social costs Social costs

11. 11 Workplace injuries in NSW In 2000/2001: In 2000/2001: –The total number of employment injuries was 53,797. –There were 139 workplace fatalities. –The gross incurred cost of employment injuries was $1,138 million. –Time lost for temporary disability cases was 398,838 weeks. –The most common workplace injuries were sprains and strains (64%) accounting for a cost of $565 million. –Back injuries accounted for over 30% of workplace injuries and cost $270 million. (Statistical Bulletin 2000/2001, WorkCover NSW)

12. 12 What is a hazard? Anything or any action that can lead to someone developing an illness or being injured Anything or any action that can lead to someone developing an illness or being injured Hazards can arise from Hazards can arise from –the work environment –the use of machinery and substances –poor work design –inappropriate systems and procedures

13. 13 Types of hazards Types of hazards: Types of hazards: –physical eg. noise, radiation, light, vibration –chemical eg. poisons, dusts –biological eg. viruses, plants, parasites –mechanical/electrical eg. slips, trips and falls, tools, electrical equipment –psychological eg. fatigue, violence, bullying.

14. 14 Common workplace hazards Manual handling e.g pushing, pulling, carrying, lifting Manual handling e.g pushing, pulling, carrying, lifting Work environment e.g. floor surfaces, noise, temperature Work environment e.g. floor surfaces, noise, temperature Machinery Machinery Heat e.g. burns and scalds Heat e.g. burns and scalds Electricity e.g electrocution Electricity e.g electrocution

15. 15 Common workplace hazards…2 Harassment e.g. bullying and/or violence Harassment e.g. bullying and/or violence Hazardous substances e.g. chemicals, fumes Hazardous substances e.g. chemicals, fumes Biological waste Biological waste Noise Noise Confined space Confined space Skin penetrating injuries e.g. knife or syringe injuries Skin penetrating injuries e.g. knife or syringe injuries

16. 16 Identifying hazards Workplace inspections Workplace inspections Consultation Consultation Monitoring injury and illness records Monitoring injury and illness records Recording complaints Recording complaints Observation Observation

17. 17 Dealing with hazards Eliminate the hazard Eliminate the hazard Change the equipment or materials Change the equipment or materials Change work methods Change work methods Use personal protection equipment (PPE) Use personal protection equipment (PPE)

18. 18 Risk management Identify the hazard Identify the hazard Assess the risk Assess the risk Eliminate or control the risk Eliminate or control the risk Monitor and improve the workplace Monitor and improve the workplace

19. 19 1. Identify the hazard Know what the dangers are in the workplace. Know what the dangers are in the workplace. Keep records of accidents and injuries Keep records of accidents and injuries Conduct safety inspections of the workplace Conduct safety inspections of the workplace List all plant and hazardous substances. List all plant and hazardous substances.

20. 20 2. Assess the risk Determine what the risk is that someone may be injured. Determine what the risk is that someone may be injured. Assess how likely it is that a hazardous event will occur and what the consequences are likely to be. Assess how likely it is that a hazardous event will occur and what the consequences are likely to be.

21. 21 3. Control the risk Implement measures to prevent injury or illness. Implement measures to prevent injury or illness. –eliminate the risk if possible –minimise the risk using substitution, modifications, isolation or engineering controls –personal protective equipment (PPE) should only be used as a last resort.

22. 22 4. Monitor and improve the workplace Control measures should be reviewed to maintain their effectiveness and further refine the process. Control measures should be reviewed to maintain their effectiveness and further refine the process.

23. 23 Hierarchy of control If elimination is not possible then: If elimination is not possible then: –substitute –isolate –minimise risk using engineering controls –minimise risk using administrative controls –PPE

24. OH&S Act 2000 An Act of Parliament OH&S Regulation 2001 Regulations give details on how certain sections of the Act are to be implemented. The Regulation calls on various Australian Standards and other standards and codes of practice to establish guidelines for particular OHS issues. Everything in the Regulation is law and must be followed. Codes of Practice Codes of practice give practical guidance on how the required standard of health, safety and welfare can be achieved in an area of work. They are approved under the OH&S Act by the Minister for Commerce. Sometimes Codes of Practice are called up in Regulations and in these circumstances have the same legal force as the Regulation itself. Otherwise, Codes of Practice should be followed, unless there is an alternative course of action which achieves the same or better standard of health in the workplace. They can be used in support of the enforcement provisions of the OH&S Act or as evidence to support a prosecution for failing to comply with or contravening the OH&S Act or OH&S Regulation. The Legal Framework

25. 25 The Legal Framework The new revised Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 came into effect September 2001 The new revised Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 came into effect September 2001 The Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 2001 replaces: The Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 2001 replaces: –all existing OH&S regulations –the Construction Safety Act 1912 and regulations –Part 3 of the Factories, Shops and Industries Act 1962

26. 26 The OHS Regulation 2001 Areas covered by the new regulation are: Areas covered by the new regulation are: –Identification of all workplace hazards –Implementation of measures to control risks –Provision of training, instruction and supervision –Workplace consultation between employers and employees –Control of high risk hazards including plant, hazardous substances and hazardous processes –Certification of operators of equipment –Licensing of businesses –Notification notices to WorkCover NSW

27. Development of Legislation Workers Compensation Acts Occupational Health and Safety Acts Workers Compensation Act 1926 Construction Safety Act 1912 Workers Compensation Act 1987 Factories, Shops and Industries Act 1962 Workplace Injury Management and Workers Compensation Act 1998 Dangerous Goods Act 1975 Workers Compensation Legislation Amendment Act 2001 Occupational Health and Safety Act 1983 Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000

28. 28 Workers Compensation Under the Workers Compensation Acts Under the Workers Compensation Acts –workers are entitled to compensation for injuries sustained in the course of employment –compensation is extended to any injuries occurring while travelling to and from work and during lunch breaks –work related diseases contracted by an employee is covered by compensation –the employee must prove the injury arose during the course of employment

29. 29 Workers Compensation…2 –compensation is paid to family members in the case of death –compensation will not be granted if the worker is involved in wilful misconduct unless death, serious injury or permanent disability occurs –employees must make all effort to return to work and the employer must provide suitable employment for injured workers

30. 30 Responsibilities of the Employer Provide a safe working environment Provide a safe working environment Provide a safe system of work Provide a safe system of work Provide proper training and information Provide proper training and information Identify hazards, assess the risks and Identify hazards, assess the risks and eliminate or control the risks Provide supervision Provide supervision Supply personal protective equipment and clothing Supply personal protective equipment and clothing Consult with employees Consult with employees

31. 31 Responsibilities of the Employer..2 Provide amenities Provide amenities Provide first aid facilities and personnel Provide first aid facilities and personnel Provide for emergencies Provide for emergencies Ensure OH&S committee members and representatives are trained Ensure OH&S committee members and representatives are trained No victimisation or unlawfully dismiss of an employee is allowed No victimisation or unlawfully dismiss of an employee is allowed No charge to employees for things done No charge to employees for things done

32. 32 Responsibilities of the Employee Take reasonable care for the health and safety of people who are at the place of work Take reasonable care for the health and safety of people who are at the place of work Co-operate with the employer or other person Co-operate with the employer or other person Notify the employer or supervisor of any risk to health and safety Notify the employer or supervisor of any risk to health and safety Not to interfere with or misuse things provided for health, safety and welfare Not to interfere with or misuse things provided for health, safety and welfare Not hinder aid to an injured worker Not hinder aid to an injured worker Not to refuse assistance in either receiving aid or giving aid Not to refuse assistance in either receiving aid or giving aid Not to disrupt the workplace by creating health or safety fears Not to disrupt the workplace by creating health or safety fears

33. 33 Occupational Health and Safety Committees and Representatives Continual review of measures to ensure health and safety Continual review of measures to ensure health and safety Investigate any matter that poses a risk Investigate any matter that poses a risk Attempt to resolve a heath and safety issue Attempt to resolve a heath and safety issue Request an investigation by a WorkCover inspector Request an investigation by a WorkCover inspector Consult with a WorkCover inspector and accompany them on an inspection Consult with a WorkCover inspector and accompany them on an inspection

34. 34 Responsibility of a WorkCover Inspector To investigate any suspected breach of the Occupational Health and Safety Legislation in a place of work To investigate any suspected breach of the Occupational Health and Safety Legislation in a place of work

35. 35 Tips for young workers Take responsibility for your own safety Take responsibility for your own safety Know what to look for when entering a new or different workplace Know what to look for when entering a new or different workplace Know what questions to ask about the job Know what questions to ask about the job Report any health and safety concerns Report any health and safety concerns Follow all safety procedures Follow all safety procedures

36. 36 Ask your supervisor…. What are the dangers of my job? What are the dangers of my job? What are the hazards? What are the hazards? Should I have any job safety training? Should I have any job safety training? Do I need any personal protective equipment? Do I need any personal protective equipment? Should I be trained in how to use my PPE? Should I be trained in how to use my PPE? Where are the first aid facilities? Where are the first aid facilities? Who is the first aid person? Who is the first aid person?

37. 37 Ask your supervisor…. What do I do if I get injured? What do I do if I get injured? Where are the fire extinguishers? Where are the fire extinguishers? Where are the emergency exits? Where are the emergency exits? How will I know if there is an emergency? How will I know if there is an emergency? What should I do in an emergency? What should I do in an emergency? Who do go to in the workplace if I have a health or safety question? Who do go to in the workplace if I have a health or safety question?

38. 38 Interactive web sites of interest Safety Zone, WorkCover NSW Government http://workcover.cadre.com.au/index_1st.html Safety Zone, WorkCover NSW Government http://workcover.cadre.com.au/index_1st.html http://workcover.cadre.com.au/index_1st.html Interactive Café, Workplace Health and Safety Queensland Government Interactive Café, Workplace Health and Safety Queensland Government http://www.whs.qld.gov.au/cafeonline/index.html Living Safely with Electricity, Workplace Health and Safety Queensland Government Living Safely with Electricity, Workplace Health and Safety Queensland Government http://www.eso.qld.gov.au/electricity/index.html Hunt for Hazards, Workcover Corporation South Australian Government http://www.workcover.com/learning/school/schhazardhunt/def ault.asp Hunt for Hazards, Workcover Corporation South Australian Government http://www.workcover.com/learning/school/schhazardhunt/def ault.asp http://www.workcover.com/learning/school/schhazardhunt/def ault.asp http://www.workcover.com/learning/school/schhazardhunt/def ault.asp