1. Emergency Response Tug at Neah Bay Protecting Washingtons Resources 1WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

2. Vessel Traffic Locations of some vessels to which the Neah Bay emergency tug has responded. 2 4,500+ Transits entering the Strait 4,500+ Transits entering the Strait 14 billion gallons of oil being transferred 14 billion gallons of oil being transferred 8 Major ports 8 Major ports 5 Refineries 5 Refineries WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

3. Susceptibility of the Washington Coast The environment of the Washington Coast and the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca poses significant challenges to mariners. The environment of the Washington Coast and the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca poses significant challenges to mariners. If a vessel is disabled, the challenges multiply and help may be unavailable or slow in arriving. If a vessel is disabled, the challenges multiply and help may be unavailable or slow in arriving. The Strait of Juan de Fuca entrance is often the nearest safe exit for vessels coming to assist a disabled vessel. The Strait of Juan de Fuca entrance is often the nearest safe exit for vessels coming to assist a disabled vessel. Port Angeles is approximately 70 miles east of the entrance to the Strait. A towing vessel located at Port Angeles is at least 5 to 6 hours away from a disabled vessel off the coast. Port Angeles is approximately 70 miles east of the entrance to the Strait. A towing vessel located at Port Angeles is at least 5 to 6 hours away from a disabled vessel off the coast. In 1999, the NEW CARISSA succumbed to the hazards of the Pacific Northwest coast. The last remains of the wreck were finally removed during the summer of 2008. 3WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

4. Resources at Risk Port operations Port operations Refinery imports and exports Refinery imports and exports Commercial fishing Commercial fishing Shellfish beds Shellfish beds Marine fish and wildlife Marine fish and wildlife Makah, Quileute, Hoh and Quinault tribal lands and cultural values Makah, Quileute, Hoh and Quinault tribal lands and cultural values Local communities and tourism Local communities and tourism Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary Olympic National Park coastline Olympic National Park coastline Washing rescued sea birds oiled by the COSCO BUSAN in 2007. 4WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

5. Standing by to assist or escort vessels with mechanical problems Standing by to assist or escort vessels with mechanical problems Take a disabled, drifting vessel under tow when necessary Take a disabled, drifting vessel under tow when necessary Act as eyes and ears for incident command Act as eyes and ears for incident command When possible, deploy oil spill response equipment When possible, deploy oil spill response equipment Emergency Response Tug Functions The Neah Bay emergency response tug in 2002 towing the partially disabled tug ALTAIR and the tank barge RIGEL loaded with 3.4 million gallons of diesel. 5WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

6. 2001-ATIGUN PASS The Chinese tug, DE DA, lost its tow of the decommissioned ATIGUN PASS off the coast of Oregon with 25,000 gallons of oil still on board. The maneuverable Neah Bay emergency response tug, BARBARA FOSS, was able to remake the tow connection. The Chinese tug, DE DA, lost its tow of the decommissioned ATIGUN PASS off the coast of Oregon with 25,000 gallons of oil still on board. The maneuverable Neah Bay emergency response tug, BARBARA FOSS, was able to remake the tow connection. 6WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

7. 7 Emergency Response Towing Vessel Strategically stationed at Neah Bay to respond along WA outer coast and in Western Strait of Juan de Fuca Strategically stationed at Neah Bay to respond along WA outer coast and in Western Strait of Juan de Fuca Critical prevention & response measure Critical prevention & response measure 41 vessel assists since 1999 41 vessel assists since 1999 Prevented 8 disabled ships and barges from grounding offshore or in Strait Prevented 8 disabled ships and barges from grounding offshore or in Strait WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

8. Historic Incidents 8WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

9. 1989 - Exxon Valdez Powered grounding on Bligh Reef Powered grounding on Bligh Reef 11 million gallons crude oil spilled 11 million gallons crude oil spilled Some of the outcomes Some of the outcomes OPA-90 Measures OPA-90 Measures Double-hulls Double-hulls Tanker escorts in Prince William Sound (PWS) Tanker escorts in Prince William Sound (PWS) PWS ship escort & response vessel system PWS ship escort & response vessel system Capital Costs: > $120 million Operating Costs: >$60 million per year Capital Costs: > $120 million Operating Costs: >$60 million per year 9WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

10. 1993 - BRAER Shetland Islands, United Kingdom Shetland Islands, United Kingdom Disable laden tank ship drifted for about 19 hours during severe storm conditions Disable laden tank ship drifted for about 19 hours during severe storm conditions About 22 million gallons of crude oil spilled About 22 million gallons of crude oil spilled Water contaminated the ships main engine fuel Water contaminated the ships main engine fuel 10WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

11. 2004 - SELENDANG AYU Unalaska Island, Alaska Unalaska Island, Alaska 340,000 gallons of fuel oil spilled 340,000 gallons of fuel oil spilled Malaysian bulk carrier departed from Tacoma Malaysian bulk carrier departed from Tacoma Main engine failure Main engine failure Two-day drift Two-day drift Delayed reporting of problem by ships Master Delayed reporting of problem by ships Master Six crew died during rescue Six crew died during rescue USCG helicopter crash USCG helicopter crash SELENDANG AYU was the worst oil spill in Alaskan waters since the EXXON VALDEZ. 11WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

12. 2006 - COUGAR ACE Aleutian Islands, Alaska, bound for Vancouver, British Columbia Aleutian Islands, Alaska, bound for Vancouver, British Columbia Loaded car-carrier Loaded car-carrier 175,000 gallons of fuel aboard 175,000 gallons of fuel aboard Ship rolled to one side at a large angle Ship rolled to one side at a large angle Ballast issue Ballast issue Multi-day drift Multi-day drift A Seattle man died during the salvage operation A Seattle man died during the salvage operation The COUGAR ACE adrift off the Aleutian Islands in fog. 12WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

13. European Experience 1993 - Braer 1993 - Braer 1996 - Sea Empress 1996 - Sea Empress 1999 - Erika 1999 - Erika 2000 - Castor 2000 - Castor 2002 - Prestige 2002 - Prestige 2007 - MSC Napoli 2007 - MSC Napoli The MSC NAPOLI nearly broke in two in a storm. It was intentionally grounded off the south English coast. About 53,000 gallons of fuel oil spilled. Containers littered the beaches. The PRESTIGE broke in two in a storm spilling about 20 million gallons of oil. 13WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

14. European Emergency Towing Vessels United Kingdom – 4 large tugs United Kingdom – 4 large tugs France - 4+ large tugs France - 4+ large tugs Spain - 2 large tugs Spain - 2 large tugs Germany - 8 tugs (3 in North Sea, 5 in Baltic Sea) Germany - 8 tugs (3 in North Sea, 5 in Baltic Sea) Netherlands - 1 tug (plus cooperative agreement with Germany) Netherlands - 1 tug (plus cooperative agreement with Germany) European emergency towing vessels. 14WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

15. European Emergency Towing Vessels (ETV) Spanish ETV $13.5 million 15WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

16. 16 Country # of Tugs Capital Cost (US $ in millions) Operating Cost (US $ per year) United Kingdom 419-34M (each)18M Spain213.5M (each)? Australia1?9-12M France4+?? What do ETVs cost? WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

17. Both eastern ocean margins Both eastern ocean margins Similar weather Similar weather Similar latitude Similar latitude Similar ships Similar ships Dissimilar protection Dissimilar protection A View From Above 17WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

18. 18 Strait of Juan de Fuca vs. Strait of Gibraltar (satellite photos from about 90 miles up) 11.5 Nautical miles across vs. 8.8 nautical miles across 11.5 Nautical miles across vs. 8.8 nautical miles across 55 Nautical miles in length vs. 15 nautical miles long 55 Nautical miles in length vs. 15 nautical miles long 55 Transits per day vs. 250 transits per day 55 Transits per day vs. 250 transits per day Both have traffic lanes and vessel traffic service. Both have traffic lanes and vessel traffic service. Both subject to ocean storms moving in from the west. Both subject to ocean storms moving in from the west. WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

19. 19 Over the past 25 years Abeille Flandre has been involved in over 800 operations, saving 214 vessels and rescuing over 7,000 seafarers. In 16 cases this tug successfully intervened in circumstances which might otherwise have ended in catastrophic pollution. Over the past 25 years Abeille Flandre has been involved in over 800 operations, saving 214 vessels and rescuing over 7,000 seafarers. In 16 cases this tug successfully intervened in circumstances which might otherwise have ended in catastrophic pollution. – Salvage World, 2005 French ETV Experience 1980 - 2005 WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program

20. Emergency Response Tug at Neah Bay 20WA Dept of Ecology - Spills Program