1. Blue Water & Heavy Weather Sailing Fun and Adventure

2. Blue Water Sailing vs. Coastal Cruising Standardized routines – simple and understood Night Sailing – prepare to enjoy, dress accordingly Demands on boat and equipment – stress and chaff Time and distance – keep things in perspective Navigation – far from the hard stuff Self-sufficiency – no house calls Lifestyle – keep it simple Hazards – keep things in perspective Fatigue - anticipate

3. June Pilot Chart 640 nm@ 115 0 T 5 0 Squares Feathers - average force of wind on Beaufort scale 11 0 W to 15.30 0 W Variation Great Circle shipping routes

4. Weather - What Can You Expect June Pilot Chart: majority of winds W, SW, S// toward Bermuda W, SW, S, SE: 8- 15 knots & some calm days –Winds over 20 knots 15%, winds under 10 knots 15% Water Temp: West of Gulf stream (May) 55 – 65 0, in the Gulf Stream - 81 0, East – 68-72 0 Gulf Stream: 2-4 knots NE direction –Eddies: Cold (E) – counter clockwise Warm (N & W) – clockwise Rain: have a plan to deal with wet stuff

5. Getting into Position to Start the ACR Next stop – the Azores

6. Heavy Weather What is it? –Lightning, rain, wind, waves Crew experience –Expanding your range of comfort –Practice routine tasks Prep: –Safety harness and jacklines –Boat: strip/tie it down, charge the batteries, chaff protection –Empty and clean bilge –Crew duties: clarify and check –Rest and food: get ready; conserve energy – minimize exposure –Seasickness: anticipate Dealing with the After

7. What Is Heavy Weather?

8. Heavy Weather What is it? –Lightning, rain, wind, waves Crew experience –Expanding your range of comfort –Practice routine tasks Prep: –Safety harness and jacklines –Boat: strip/tie it down, charge the batteries, chaff protection –Empty and clean bilge –Crew duties: clarify and check –Rest and food: get ready; conserve energy – minimize exposure –Seasickness: anticipate Dealing with the After

9. Coping with Heavy Weather Preventing surprise –An alert watch –Monitor and be able to analyze wx forecasts –Monitor local wx conditions (barometer, eyes) – ID trends Take-n-Shake sailing: –Reduce sail quickly, efficiently and with a plan –When to reef: (when you first think about it) extreme heel & wx helm discomfort high speed

10. Advanced Bluewater Cruising: Hal Sutphen

11. Advanced Bluewater Cruising: Hal Sutphen

12. Coping with Heavy Weather Take-n-Shake sailing: –Roller furling headsails: use of winch challenges: draft, center of effort: forward, high Take a turn Mark reef points Adjust lead forward (rolling hitch)

13. Coping with Heavy Weather Take-n-Shake sailing: –Roller furling headsails: Use of winch challenges: draft, center of effort: forward, high Take a turn Mark reef points Adjust lead forward (rolling hitch)

14. Coping with Heavy Weather Take-n-Shake sailing: Mains –Manage wx helm, keep boat moving Roller furling: Lots of Options –keep tension on outhaul – Line slippage –Minimize flogging Traditional mains: –mark reef positions on halyard and clew lines –adjust topping lift, ease boom vang –adjust halyard and out haul – draft (flat) –reef points – under foot of sail, not boom –Clean up & prepare to take or shake –Play the traveler

15. Storm Sails reduce sail area, lower and center CE over CLR* Trysail: –Low cut jib-like sail (1/4 mainsail area) –Separate track –Trimmed on deck** –Boom lowered/secured Storm jib: –Tiny jib: smaller than a number 4 –Set (hanked) on an inner stay (furl roller furling) –Separate sheets –Low cut / pennant –Gale Sail / used jib for smaller boat Practice setting Staysail – increased flexibility CLR – center of lateral resistance

16. Coping with Heavy Weather Steering –Sail Trim –Hand steering: feel for boat –Autopilots: head sails Windward –A lazy-S – heading up and falling off –Very demanding on boat and crew Reaching in high seas (breaking) –Knock down, broaching –Yawing, accidental jibe Running –Jibing or broaching –Headsails only –Control speed

17. Tactics Boat design and condition of crew Active: Continuous crew effort to keep boat going in a chosen direction Storm sailing: sail a course to get out of highest winds and dangerous seas Demanding on boat and crew Frequent shifts of helm Running Off Sea room needed Active steering to avoid broaches and jibes Reduces apparent wind Easier on off-watch crew Strong preventer required Companionway closed, cockpit drains clear Control speed –Warps and drogues: well aft of boat 300+ ft of three- strand nylon line

18. Tactics Passive: Relying on the boats ability to take care of itself in a seaway Heaving to: most basic - boat design important When: –Prevent giving up significant ground to leeward –Delay entry to new port –Rest crew –Reef or other maintenance tasks How: back the jib, lock the helm to windward adjust jib and main sheet tension and rudder angle – lie 40-60 0 off wind (not 90 0 ) combinations change based on wind and wave conditions Will fore-reach, drift to leeward w/slick to windward – an essential technique for any sailor to master Significantly improves quality of life – an essential technique for any sailor to master

19. Tactics Passive: Relying on the boats ability to take care of itself in a seaway Riding to a sea anchor (hold bow into wind and waves) -Steamed from bow -Large enough for boat – line 12 times the length of boat -Care in setting -Chaff Lying a hull: last recourse / not good in breaking sea Sails down, helm secured, hatches dogged Boat design effects attitude boat will assume – generally abeam to seas Chance of knockdown or capsize maximized Secure crew

20. Tactics Engine use: used in coastal sailing but … -Good for light to moderate winds for motor sailing -Not good in heavy wx: -Engine size -Load on engine and transmission high -Angle of heel – engine oil -Fuel filters -Fouled prop – lots of lines that can go overboard

21. Summary Offshore sailing is different Majority of sailing will be in good wx with winds 8-15 knots Be prepared for less, know how to deal with more – monitor the wx: –Ensure you can reduce sail quickly and effectively –Active or passive tactics: be prepared to exercise both –Know how to heave to A well-prepared boat and trained crew can handle almost any condition –May be undesirable, uncomfortable, unpleasant but a great source of sea stories Remember this is an adventure Can guarantee: wind & calm, sun & rain