1. WMO Workshop on Capacity Development - Requirements for GFCS - NMS Requirements for Observations and Communications to Support GFCS WMO 10 October 2011 Antonio Divino Moura INMET - Brazil INMET

2. CLIMATE SERVICES: From Monitoring -> Products + Prediction -> users Need good Network DATA with Quality; Adequate density; Communications; Continuous; Access; Data Bank; Open to research........ Need long series Historical DATA; Climatological Normals; (data base) Software, models (physical, stochastic) Monthly products; Climate Forum........ Need continuous ENGAGEMENT; Feedback; Regional and local support to user; Joint projects;........

3. 12/19/201333 3 WMO W I G O S

4. Tipical Conventional ( and automatic) Station : Porto Alegre

5. Conventional Stations installed: evolution 1909 a 2010 Década 19101920193019401950196019701980199020002010 Região Amazônica 119575863667791102104 Restante do Brasil 25181350423481519550659690695

6. HISTORICAL CLIMATE DATA Memory of the Climate

7. HISTORICAL CLIMATE DATA Memory of Brazil´s Climate Livro M1 Catú – BA Photo 1925

8. Source: Biblioteca Nacional de Meteorologia INMET - Brasília Curityba Observations 1886 - 1888

9. ONDINA ( Bahia) station 1903 measurements

10. HISTORICAL CLIMATE DATA Memory of the Climate Why it is so important!

11. Urgent DATA need There is an increased demand for scientific guidance for climate variability and climate change adaptation; There is a mismatch between scales that modeling science can provide and the (smaller) scale required for actions policy-making; Historical data are needed to be amalgamated with scenario modeling results and proper dowscaling; Historical data are the outputs of the climate model experiment that mother nature gave us. We need to look carefully at these outputs...... But... lots of data are yet to become accessible.

12. Scale Challenges: results of IPCC AR4 - all 21 models used Agreement between models decrease with decreasing scale (Precip, Temperature,...) Fig. 10.27 IPCC AR4 –WG1

13. Annual Tendencies (1961 to 2008) Rainfall and Temperature

14. Physical Availability of DATA In many, many countries, the situation is....

15. Data organization: Current situation DATA - São Paulo - DISME 7

16. Consolidated TABLE Inventory of Data in paper form 11.736.387 Documents

17. Brazil Climate Data DATA: 12 million documents being processed (cadernetas, graphs, livros M1) Climate DATA starting 1900´s Brasil Climate Memory

18. HIGIENIZATION Cleaning, fungus,... Organizing Scanning -> -> Digital images (Data bank for all users) CONTROL and SCANNING Large room A 22 March 2011

19. Brasília, DF - 26-27/SET/2011 Organizing data log book arriving from regional offices

20. Brasília, DF - 26-27/SET/2011 Cleaning... data log book storage Fonte: Assessoria de Imprensa

21. Brasília, DF - 26-27/SET/2011 Cleaning book log Fonte: Assessoria de Imprensa

22. Room A Cleaning Organization

23. Brasília, DF - 26-27/SET/2011 Digital Image of Station log

24. Brasília, DF - 26-27/SET/2011 Digital Image of Station log

25. Brasília, DF - 26-27/SET/2011 Digital Image of Station log

26. Brasília, DF - 26-27/SET/2011 Digital Image of Station log

27. New system for organization and storage of digital images of data log Creating a DATA BANK with Digital IMAGES

28. New system for organization and storage of digital images of data log

29. Search of Image Data bank

31. Em junho de 1990 foi fechada temporariamente pela a redução de observadores colocados em disponibilidade conforme normas administrativa do governo Color. Corrigida a Longitude de60º:05´para 63º:08`em 18/02/03, de acordo com registros antigo. Alterado o nº de observador de 03 para 01 conf. comunic. Disme/Seoma de 02/06/2003. Corrigido valor de Long. valore anterior 63º08'. Esmet INOP no mes de Jan/04 férias do Observador. A partir de 01/05/2004 a esmet fica desobrigada a realizar a observação das 18:00 UTC nos finais de semana e feriados conf. determinação do chefe do Disme conf. memo.008/Disme/2004 e comunic. via email da Seoma de 17/05/2004. esmet INOP mes de julho/2004 licença medica do observador. Aumento Nº de OBSMET para 02 em agosto /2005 82425 - COARI (85 Anos) UF:AM Distrito:01º Situação:Operante Inicio Operação:01/01/1926 HISTORIC DATA of STATION COARI (metadado registrado na base de dados)

32. DIGITAL DATA BANK (digital ready for use in calculations) Quantidade de dados de Precipitação Total – COARI - AM

33. DIGITAL DATA BANK (digital ready for use in calculations) Quantidade de dados de Temperatura do Ar – COARI - AM

34. Metadata of each station data log book

35. DIGITAL DATA BANK (digital ready for use in calculations) Quantidade de dados de Velocidade do Vento – COARI - AM

36. DIGITAL DATA BANK (digital + digital images) The DATA BANK becomes the aggregate of a truly DIGITAL Data Bank + a Bank of Digital IMAGES -> to support research (while digitation goes on in parallel to complete the Digital Bank) +

37. Manaus – AM Analysis of the 1910-2011 period

38. Manaus – AM Data Analysis

39. Technological improvements: automation and communication

40. Tipical Automatic Station Maintenance truck

41. Ano 20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 Região Amazônica 116910112232879394 Restante do Brasil 41836586465145239350362371 Automatic stations installed: evolution 2000 a 2010

42. General View of the CCIM system Centro Integrado de Controle das Informações Meteorológicas Functional 24h x 7d (4 shifts) Control room (CCIM) Brasília External Users Maintenance Groups in the field Regional Offices Meteorological station Partners Comunication: Satellite/Celular Meteorological Data Bank - SIM

43. Access station location or name Internet open Data access http://www.inmet.gov.br/ Observações Automatic stations REAL TIME hourly DATA Open and free to all

44. BRASILSAT AUTOTRAC Rede Local do INMET HUB em Brasilia INMET Acesso Frame-Relay Sistema de busca CELL PHONE Real time communication: Via Satellite or cell phone real time ! INTERNET: DATA Open and free to all www.inmet.gov.br

45. Communications Network Links: connect servers at partner institutions

46. Communications room Servers, telephone lines, fiber optics, Connections to all Auto Met Stations Link to South America NMHSs and WMO World Center DC. Local links to Meteo and Hydro Institutions in Brazil Safe room Proof against fire and Inundation

47. Supercomputing facility Run NWP and keep DATA Bank Safe Room Proof against Fire and inundation

48. No-breaks and power generators 500KVA All in duplicate in hot stand by Guarantee of continuous functioning

49. CLIMATE SERVICES: From Monitoring -> Products + Prediction -> users DATA INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE WISDOM Consilience Thanks to science and technology, access to factual knowledge... is destined to become democratic. What then?... The answer is clear: synthesis We are drowning in information, while starving for wisdom The world henceforth moves by people able to put together... information ! E. O. Wilson DECISION

50. WMO Workshop on Capacity Development - Requirements for GFCS - T h a n k Y o u! WMO 10 October 2011 Antonio Divino Moura INMET - Brazil INMET