1. SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AT THE EU LEVEL – IN THE NEW TRANSPORT WHITE PAPER Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences CORPUS – The SCP Knowledge Hub First Policy Meets Research Workshop on Sustainable Mobility Funded by the European Commission in FP7. Szentendre, Hungary, 5/6 May 2011

2. SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AT THE EU LEVEL – IN THE NEW TRANSPORT WHITE PAPER Tamás Fleischer Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences CORPUS – The SCP Knowledge Hub First Policy Meets Research Workshop on Sustainable Mobility Funded by the European Commission in FP7 (except me !) Szentendre, Hungary, 5/6 May 2011

3. 4 The main message of the contribution in four points (1) The environmental target for 2050 (sixty percent emission decrease, oil dependence decrease) is a very progressive vision, clear target. (2) The tools to achieve that objectives is sometimes contradictory in the White Paper (3) There is no clear picture on the what-to-dos of the first ten years until 2020 (when probably a new White Paper will be issued). The back-casting is missing following the vision. (4) The Strategy chapter is not too much based on the 2050 vision but rather on the creation of a single European transport area. It was a relevant vision in the period of the EU-6s-9s-12s – but is it still really relevant for the EU-27s, or is it a myth/dream rather? Sustainable mobility at the EU level – in the transport white papers

4. 4 White Paper 1992 (COM (92) 494 final. The Future Development of the Common Transport Policy – A Global Approach to the Construction of a Community Framework for Sustainable Mobility. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities) 4 White Paper 2001 (COM (2001.) 370.final. European transport policy for 2010: time to decide. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, CEC,) 4 Mid-term review 2006 (COM(2006) 314 final) Keep Europe moving - Sustainable mobility for our continent - Mid-term review of the European Commissions 2001 Transport White paper. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, Brussels, 22.6.2006) 4 White Paper 2011 (COM(2011) 144 final. White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport System. European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011.)

5. 4 Before 1992 –no integrated transport policy at EU level, specific sub-sector level targets (vessel capacity annulation, rest time, flight security etc.) motivation was rather the competition policy balancing 4 EU CTP 1992 Single network to a single market –Main targets harmonisation of regulation and creating a common network –Integrated transport policy – but to one single level international links overlapping networks –Inter-modality, interoperability, free access, corridor, TEN-T single market –The role of the environment is not central Common Transport Policy (CTP) 1992

7. European transport policy for 2010: Time to Decide (2001) 4 To be solved: congestion, services quality, environment damages, safety, isolated regions 4 Mixed results of the CTP 1992 4 Strategy: Breaking the link between economic growth and transport growth - Reduction in mobility - Redistribution amongst modes - Decreasing road transport by pricing, + efficiency measures in other modes + targeted investments (= TEN.T ) - Sixty proposals – in four blocks. - Shift the balance between modes, - Eliminate bottlenecks, - Users in the heart of transport policy, - Manage the globalisation of transport. 4 White Paper 2001 (COM (2001.) 370.final. European transport policy for 2010: time to decide. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, CEC,), Brussels, 12 September 2001.. European Union

8. Keep Europe moving ! Mid-term review of the European Commissions 2001 Transport White paper Access: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/transport _policy_review/doc/com_2006_0314_ transport_policy_review_hu.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/transport/transport _policy_review/doc/com_2006_0314_ transport_policy_review_hu.pdf

9. Keep Europe moving ! While the 2001 transport policy stressed a definite need to halt growth in transport performance and slow the increase in road traffic, the re- examination can be considered as a significant withdrawal. Mobility must be disconnected from its negative side effects, means ensuring traffic growth rather, not curbing it. ( Keep Europe Moving p. 4.) to optimise each modes own potential, means avoiding intervention between modes rather then redistribution amongst them. ( ibid p. 4.). Such sentence in the re-examination as: The efforts to achieve the goals of meeting growing mobility needs and strict environmental standards are beginning to show signs of friction. ( ibid. p. 29.). sought to imply quite strongly that strict environmental protection should be restored. Yet although it surrounded it with provisos, the re-examination nonetheless declared that sustainable mobility policy therefore needs to build on a broader range of policy tools achieving shifts to more environmentally friendly modes where appropriate, especially on long distance, in urban areas and on congested corridors ( ibid. p. 21.).

10. White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system (COM(2011) 144 final. White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011.) Access: http://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?u ri=COM:2011:0144:FIN:HU:PDF

11. 4 Four documents 4 (COM(2011)144 final. White Paper Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport System. European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011.) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0144:FIN:HU:PDF http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0144:FIN:HU:PDF 4 SEC(2011) 358 final Commission Staff Working Paper: Impact Assessment European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011. http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/doc/2011_white_paper/white_paper_2011_ia_full_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/doc/2011_white_paper/white_paper_2011_ia_full_en.pdf 4 SEC(2011) 359 final Commission Staff Working Paper: Summary of the Impact Assessment. European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/docs_autres_institutions/commission _europeenne/sec/2011/0359/COM_SEC(2011)0359_HU.pdf http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/docs_autres_institutions/commission _europeenne/sec/2011/0359/COM_SEC(2011)0359_HU.pdf 4 SEC(2011) 391 final Commission Staff Working Document: Accompanying the White Paper – Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. European Commission, Brussels, 28.3.2011 http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/doc/2011_white_paper/white_paper_working_document_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/doc/2011_white_paper/white_paper_working_document_en.pdf White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

12. 4 White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system 4 1 Preparing the European Transport Area for the Future ( Current trends and future challenges: Growing out of Oil ) 4 2 A vision for a competitive and sustainable transport system ( A vision for 2050: an integrated, sustainable and efficient mobility network ) 4 3 The Strategy – what needs to be done ( Strategy: policies to steer change ) White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

13. 4 Evaluation of the past decade since the 2001 White Paper 4 (§12) a lot has been achieved -- market opening has taken place, safety and security of transport has been increased, new rules on working conditions and passenger rights have been adopted, trans- European transport network, high-speed railway lines has been built International ties and cooperation have been strengthened, a lot has been done to enhance transports environmental performance 4 (§13) BAU trend: in energy consumption, oil dependence, emissions, or cohesion of peripheral areas not just the measure of the changes is not enough, but even the prefix (+ or – ) does not show to the right direction 4 (Working document) Emission values of 2008 by region categories White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

14. 4 Presentation of the situation by a three-level spatial scale White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system GHG emission SEC(2011) 391 final p.18. Urban, (+suburban) Macro-regional ( medium here <500 km ) Global and inter-continental passenger17 %33 %10 % Road in that16 %29 %0 % fright6 %23 %11 % Road in that6 %19 %0 % Total emission in the EU = 100 % – each value in the table relates to that. 23 % urban, 56 % macro-regional and 21 % intercontinental. From passenger transport 60 % from freight 40 % Road emits 70 % of the total emissions *Electricity production is not included

15. 4 Vision for the future – objectives 4 General policy objective: long-term strategy for a sustainable transport system 4 Three specific objectives: – 60% CO 2 emission, drastic decrease in oil dependency, limit the growth of congestion => 4 (Working document) accessibility, equity, service quality, good provision, paid social costs ! 4 (Impact assessment) three policy options: (1) strict technology standards for vehicle and fuel (2) mobility-management and carbon pricing (3) mixture of 1+2 4 WP three strands (§19) (1) vehicle+fuel technology, (2) transport chain performance improving technology, (3) transport + infra- structure efficiency by IT, traffic management, market measures 4 *FT + implicit objective …single European transport area 4 *Unified and homogeneous Europe of 27s? Is it possible to even 2-times, 3-times, 4-times development differences with connection? White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

16. Ten goals to achieve 60 % GHG emission reduction target Urban + suburban Macro-regional (medium 300- 800 km) Global and intercontinental Vehicle and fuel (1) Phase out conventionally fuelled cars in cities (2) Reduce maritime emissions with 40%, low- carbon fuel planes achieve 40% share in fleet Multimodal chains and modal shift (3) 30% of >300km road fright at another mode by 2030; 50% by 2050; (4) 3x more h-s rail 2030, medium dis. Rail by 2050 (5? TEN-T) core netw. by 2030; >capacity by 2050 (6) rail provision of air- ports and ports by 2050 IT systems traff. management, safety market tools (9) 0 fatalit.by 2050 (10) User / polluter pays; h.ful subs.= 0 (8) Multimodal inform. Management payment sys (9) 0 fatalities by 2050 (10) User / polluter pays, harmful subsidies = 0 (7) Transport manag. syst. for air, land, water by 2020 + Galileo (9) 0 fatalities by 2050 (10) User / polluter pays, harmful subsidies = 0

17. 4 Strategy 4 * (def.) Policy actions, tools and timing should be coupled to the objectives of the future vision. 4 Instead: old frame to start: uniform Union, eliminating market barriers btw countries, creating single European transport area 4 Social, safety, security and environmental requirements: attempt to embed them into the above strategy 4 This is the reverse of the logic of the sustainability 4 The decisions on common European social objectives should be brought on the basis of the social, environmental, safety and security considerations. The level of / border of the uniformity should be decided by that disciplines and that should be the frame to determine about the elimination of the obstacles to achieve these objectives and promoting the necessary connections White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

18. 4 Strategy 4 * (def.) Policy actions, tools and timing should be coupled to the objectives of the future vision. 4 Instead: old frame to start: uniform Union, eliminating market barriers btw countries, creating single European transport area 4 Social, safety, security and environmental requirements: attempt to embed them into the above strategy 4 This is the reverse of the logic of the sustainability 4 The decisions on common European social objectives should be brought on the basis of the social, environmental, safety and security considerations. The level of / border of the uniformity should be decided by that disciplines and that should be the frame to determine about the elimination of the obstacles to achieve these objectives and promoting the necessary connections White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

19. 4 Summary 4 The White Paper 2011 offers progressive and explicit environmental frames, target-points for the horizon 2050 (2030) 4 The preparation of those objectives is well documented in the White Paper and in the background papers (certain improvement is still reasonable) 4 The chapter Strategy that should make the objectives more operative starts from another logic: it wants to adjust environmental and social requirements to the creation of the single European transport area 4 This second part of the objectives arent even built up in the document, its reference (in the Impact Assessment) is the 1992 EU Treaty 4 In the title of the White Paper even this implicit objective has got the first place 4 The back-casting of the 2050 vision is missing from the document, so the strategy couldnt be built on it White Paper 2011 …Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system ?

20. SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AT THE EU LEVEL – IN THE NEW TRANSPORT WHITE PAPER Fleischer Tamás Institute for World Economics of the HAS CORPUS – The SCP Knowledge Hub First Policy Meets Research Workshop on Sustainable Mobility Funded by the European Commission in FP7 (except me !) Szentendre, Hungary, 5/6 May 2011 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !