1. POPs waste disposal under the Stockholm Convention
Key elements
David Piper
Task Manager (POPs enabling activities)
UNEP DGEF

2. Convention provisions relating to wastes
Article 3 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from intentional production and use
Article 5 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from unintentional production
Article 6 measures to reduce/eliminate releases from stockpiles and wastes

3. Article 3: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases from intentional production and use
Restricts trade of POPs chemicals to:
purposes/uses permitted under registered specific exemptions/acceptable purpose
environmentally sound disposal
(paragraph 1d of Art 6)

4. Article 5 & Annex C: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases from unintentional production
Preventing POPs waste arising
Develop action plans
Promote
available, feasible and practical measures to achieve realistic and meaningful levels of release reduction or source elimination
substitute products and processes
the use of BAT/BEP
BAT required for new Part II sources 4 years after entry into force

5. Reducing releases “…promote available, feasible, practical measures…”
Improved waste management
Treatment of residuals and wastes
Improved flue-gas cleaning
Low-waste technologies
Recovery and recycling of wastes
Good housekeeping
Improved product quality
Avoiding use & generation of elemental Cl
Less hazardous raw materials
Process changes – e.g. closed systems
Process modification – e.g. to improve combustion

6. Waste-related source categories
Annex C Part II
Waste incinerators, including co-incineration of municipal, hazardous or medical waste or of sewage sludge
Cement kilns firing hazardous waste
Secondary copper, aluminium and zinc production
Annex C Part III
Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites
Crematoria and destruction of animal carcasses
Shredder plants for treatment of vehicles
Smouldering of copper cables
Waste oil refineries

7. Article 6: Measures to reduce or eliminate releases from stockpiles and wastes
Contaminated sites
Linkage to Basel Convention

8. Stockpiles Article 6 Paragraph 1 (a), (b), (c)
Develop strategies to identify POPs stockpiles, & products in use
Identify POPs stockpiles & products in use
Manage POPs stockpiles in an environmentally sound manner

9. Wastes (& products and articles upon becoming wastes)
No identify here but implied in the next point
Article 6 Paragraph 1 (a), (d)
Develop strategies to identify POPs wastes
Handle, collect, transport & store wastes in an environmentally sound manner
Dispose
so that POPs content is destroyed or irreversibly transformed
In an environmentally sound manner if destruction not preferred
in a way that does not lead to recovery, recycling, reclamation, or reuse of POPs
Transport POPs wastes across international boundaries according to international rules
Article 6 Paragraph 1 (e); Contaminated sites
Develop strategies to identify contaminated sites
(and ensure that remediation is performed in environmentally sound manner)
Art 5

10. Wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated with POPs
Is the
content of the waste
arising known?
Municipal,
industrial or
hazardous wastes
Conduct
analyses &
report No
Yes
Does the waste
Include products or articles
consisting of, containing or
contaminated with
POPs?
Dispose as appropriate for waste, noting
obligations under Article 5 & Annex C re
unintentional production of POPs byproducts
Yes No
Are sources
of POPs wastes
known?
Identify sources of wastes & seek to
minimize or eliminate, then … No
Yes
Are POPs wastes
separated?
Develop strategy, allowing waste separation
& appropriate management compatible with
Article 6.1.a,d, then… No
1.Prepare management plans to such that wastes are
handled, collected, transported and stored in an
environmentally sound manner
2. Dispose of wastes so that POPs content is destroyed or
irreversibly transformed
Or dispose in ESM where destruction is
Not environmentally preferred, or
POPs content is low
(Article 6.1.a,d) Note obligations under Article 5 & Annex C
Yes
POPs
waste
Are wastes
To be exported? No
Yes
Export of
POPs waste for
environmentally
sound disposal ?
Prepare management plans compatible with
international rules, standards & guidelines
Yes No
Prohibit unacceptable trade

11. Paragraph 2 of Article 6
Stockholm COPs to cooperate closely with Basel COP to:
Establish levels of destruction and irreversible transformation to ensure that POPs characteristics are not exhibited
Determine what methods constitute environmentally sound disposal
Define “low POPs content” for purposes of environmentally sound disposal

12. Waste guidelines Stockholm Convention Secretariat is requested:
Developed through Basel OEWG subgroup
Adopted by Basel Convention COP October 2004
Stockholm Convention Secretariat is requested:
to prepare a report on such guidelines relating to POPs as may be adopted by the CoP to the Basel Convention,
analyse the implications of those guidelines for the Stockholm Convention
indicate elements that might be considered suitable for adoption under paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Stockholm Convention.

13. PCBs – Annex A Part II Cease production of new PCBs immediately
New PCB = waste
Eliminate use of in-place PCB equipment by 2025
Achieve environmentally sound disposal of PCB wastes as soon as possible and not later than 2028

14. PCB objectives Ensuring that PCBs in use remain in responsible hands
Orderly removal from use
an integral part of business planning & capital investment
Government an important owner of PCBs
Environmentally sound destruction
Prevention of further contamination

15. Go to decision tree 5 (Stocks of POPs) Go to decision tree 8 (wastes)
PCBs
Party possess ……
..obsolete equipment
contaminated
with PCBs?
..equipment
with PCBs
..PCB liquids and
liquids contaminated
..other materials
Go to decision tree 11 (equipment and obsolete equipment contaminated with PCBs)
1. Manage these materials in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 6
2. In lieu of note (ii) in Part I of Annex A, endeavour to identify other articles containing more than % PCBs (e.g. cable-sheaths, cured caulk and painted objects)
3. Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the CoP
Go to decision tree 5 (Stocks of POPs)
1. Classify as waste
2. Make determined efforts designed to lead to environmentally sound waste management of liquids contaminated with PCBs having a PCB content above 50 ppm as soon as possible but no later than 2028
Go to decision tree 8 (wastes)
Decision tree: PCBs

16. PCB Equipment and offline or decommissioned equipment contaminated with PCBs
Go to decision tree 8 (wastes)
Party possesses
equipment contaminated
with PCBs
Does the
Party use equipment
contaminated
with
PCBs?
Yes No
Is the
PCB-contaminated
equipment de-
commissioned?
is the equipment
maintained for reuse?
Go to decision tree 12 (use of PCB equipment)
Party possess
decommissioned or offline
equipment contaminated
Except for maintenance and servicing operations, not allow recovery for the purpose of reuse in other equipment of liquids with PCBs content above %
Note: Any PCB-containing equipment imported after becoming Party to the Convention has to be defined as waste
1. Define as waste
2. Make determined efforts designed to lead to environmentally sound waste management of equipment contaminated with PCBs having a PCB content above 50 ppm as soon as possible but no later than 2028
3. Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the Conference of the Parties

17. Use of equipment contaminated with PCBs
Does
equipment in use
contain greater than 10 % PCBs
and volumes greater
than 5 litres? No
Use of equipment
contaminated
with PCBs
Go to decision tree 13
Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use by 2025, then….
contain greater than 0.05 % PCBs
contain greater than % PCBs
than 0.05 litres?
Yes
Does the
analysis of equipment in
use show a PCB content less
than % ?
Regarded as PCB-free under the SC
Make determined efforts to identify, label and remove from use by 2025, then…
Endeavour to identify and remove from use by 2025, then…
Reanalyze and reclassify PCB-containing equipment
From decision
tree 13
1st priority
2nd priority
3rd priority
Priorities related to volume and concentration of PCBs

18. Use of equipment contaminated with PCBs
From decision
tree 12
Provide a report every five years on progress in eliminating PCBs and submit it to the Conference of the Parties
Is the equipment
intact and non-leaking? No
Take measure to improve condition of the equipment or decommission
Yes
used in areas where the risk
from environmental release can be
minimised and quickly
remedied ? Is
the equipment
used in areas associated with
the production or processing
of food and
feed ?
Take measure to remove from use
the equipment used
in populated areas, including
schools and
hospitals?
Take all reasonable measures to protect from electrical failure which could result in a fire, and regular inspection of equipment for leaks
Go back to decision
tree 12 to next
lower priority
and
Take measure to reduce risk of environmental release and assure that releases can be quickly remedied
Priorities related to risk posed by equipment

19. Air, liquid & solid waste treatment technologies
Extraction, pre-treatment technologies
thermal desorption
draining/
solvent washing
Dismantling, shredding
‘opening’ + solvent wash
other
Transfer (drums/bulk)
unserviceable
equipment
Decontaminated
metals for recycling
Soils, sediments,
rubble etc.
soil, rubble
PCB oils
contaminated
wood, paper,
clothing,
cables etc
Release
monitoring
POPs?
 YES YES  No
Air, liquid & solid waste
treatment technologies
Release to air, water,
landfill
Destruction technologies
Incineration/
co-incineration
Other oxidising process
Chemical reduction
process
Other
Release to hazardous
waste site
PCB
maintenance
Unserviceable?
Maintenance, refilling etc
If ‘extraction’ and destruction on same site, transfer may be direct, otherwise drummed & shipped according to Basel requirements
Servicing wastes
mineral oils
+ solvents

20. Thank You David Piper Task Manager (POPs enabling activities)
UNEP DGEF

21. Industrial waste systems
Waste minimisation,
IPPC, BAT
Production
Hazardous
Separated Waste
Re-use & recycling
Treatment
Special landfill
Incineration
Governments +
Inert
Storage
Landfill
Municipalities & contractors
Industry

22. Municipal solid waste systems
Sorting
Source separation
Mixed collection
Delivery
Home composting
Separate collection
Composting
Re-use & recycling
Treatment
Landfill
Incineration
Compaction,
transfer
Returns to industry
Municipalities & contractors
Governments +
Individuals