1. Human Development Index
Moderator : Dr Dambhare,

2. Framework : Introduction Concept of human development
Differrence between economic growth and economic development
Concept of HDI
Origin of HDI
Dimensions of HDI
Calculation of HDI
Limitations of HDI
India’s rank in HDR 2010
Highlights of HDR 2010
Future projections of HDI

3. “Mahatma Gandhi once commented
that “the difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world’s problems.”
2006 GLOBAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT

4. Introduction :
“Wealth is evidently not the good we are seeking; for it is merely useful and for the sake of something else.” –Aristotle
“something else”
opportunity to realize their potential as human beings about having real choices
Realization of human potential.
Nobel laureate Amartya Sen calls the capabilities and functionings approach. Not only is it important to achieve more “functionings,” but it is essential for people to have the “capabilities” or the freedom to achieve these.

5. Introduction :
The emphasis on growth was based on the assumption that its benefits will automatically“trickle down” to poor and marginalized people.
The global HDR has created and developed four main composite human development indices to assess measurable dimensions of human development.
Human development index (HDI),
The human poverty index (HPI),
The gender-related development index (GDI) and
The gender empowerment measure (GEM)

6. Major Steps of the HDR Process
1 Preparatory stage(upto 6mths)
Theme selection
Resource mobilization
Building the team
Training and orientation
Communications strategy
2 Research and writing(6-9months
Research first full draft draft for external review final draft
3 Production (6-10wks)
The final product
4. Advocacy and
Follow up
(Ongoing until next report)
Media and communications
Launch and outreach strategy
Marketing and dissemination
Monitoring and assessing impact

7. The MDGs, which include reducing the proportion of people living in “extreme” poverty by half between1990 and 2015, define extreme poverty as living on less than $1 per day

8. Growth versus development
Economic growth may be one aspect of economic development but is not the same
Economic growth:
A measure of the value of output of goods and services within a time period
Economic Development:
A measure of the welfare of humans in a society

9. Economic growth
Using measures of economic performance in terms of the value of income, expenditure and output
GDP – Gross Domestic Product
The value of output produced within a country during a time period
GNP – Gross National Product
The value of output produced within a country plus net property income from abroad
GDP/GNP per head/per capita
Takes account of the size of the population
Real GDP/GNP
Accounts for differences in price levels in different countries

10. Indicators of economic development

11. Origin of HDI:
The index was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Sir Richard Jolly, with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and Lord Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics

12. Human development index

13. Dimensions of HDI
Life expectancy at birth, as an index of population health and longevity
Knowledge and education, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weighting) and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrollment ratio (with one-third weighting)
Standard of living, as measured by the natural logarithm of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) in United States dollars.

14. Calculation of HDI
To construct the index, fixed minimum and maximum values have been established for each of these indicators:
Life expectancy at birth: 25 years and 85 years
Adult literacy rate: 0 & 100 %
Combined gross enrolment ratio: 0% & 100 %
Real GDP per capita (PPP$): $100 & $40,000 (PPP$)

15. Individual indices can be computed according to the general formula:
Index = Actual xi value – minimum xi value/
Maximum xi value – minimum xi value
For eg: the life expectancy at birth in a country is years the index of life expectancy for the country would be:
Life expectancy index = /85-25 = 40/60 =

16. The adult literacy rate is 61.0%.
Adult literacy index =61.0-0/100-0=0.61
Combined gross enrolment ratio is 63.8%
Combined gross enrolment index
=63.8-0/100-0=0.638
Education index=2/3(0.61)+1/3(0.638)=0.62
Real GDP is 3452,then adjusted GDP
=log(3452)-log(100)/log(40000)-log(100)=0.591
Therefore HDI for India= ( )/3 =0.619

17. Categories of HDI: High Human Development Index – HDI 0.800 and above
Medium Human Development Index – HDI to 0.799
Low Human Development Index – HDI below 0.500

18. Relationship between individual development and human development in general
If two people in a relatively unequal society have an HDI of 0.5 and 0.25, respectively, and both increase their level of development by 0.25, they will affect general development in the same magnitude.
In a more equal society, however, an increase
in the HDI of the poorer person should count more.

19. Preliminary findings about trends: Since 1970, HDI has converged while GDP has diverged

20. Limitations of HDI:
Not a comprehensive measure of human development. It only focuses on three dimensions of capabilities.
The HDI is not designed to assess progress in human development over a short-term period because two of its component indicators—adult literacy and life expectancy at birth—are not responsive to short-term policy changes.
Like any average country measure, the HDI does not account for variations in human development within the country.
Countries with the same HDI may be very different in how human development is distributed, either from region to region, or from social group to social group.

21. Human poverty index
HPI – 1 measures deprivations in the three basic dimensions of human development captured in the HDI
A long & healthy life – vulnerability at a relatively early age, as measured by the probability at birth of not surviving to age 40.
Knowledge – exclusion from the world of reading and communications, as measured by the ALR
A decent standard of living – lack of access to overall economic provisions, as measured by the un-weighted average of two indicators, the percentage of the population without sustainable access to an improved water sources and the percentage of children under weight for age.

23. HPI-2
The HPI -2 measures deprivation in the same dimensions as the HPI – 1 & also captures social exclusion. Thus it reflects deprivations in four dimensions:
A long & healthy life – vulnerability to death at a relatively early age, as measured by the probability at birth of not surviving to age 60.
Knowledge – exclusion from the world of reading & communications, as measured by the percentage of adults ( aged 16-65) lacking functional literacy skills.
A decent standard of living – as measured by the percentage of people living below the income poverty line (50% of the median adjusted household disposable income).
Social exclusion – as measured by the rate of long-term unemployment (12 months or more).

24. Highlights of HDR 2010:
India’s rank is 119th in the United Nation's Human Development Index due to poor social infrastructure, mainly in areas of education and healthcare.
Covered 169 countries and territories, India's position is way below China (89th spot) and Sri Lanka (91).
India came in the 10th position as far as improvement in the income index was concerned but lagged behind neighbouring countries like Bangladesh and Pakistan in education and healthcare.
Norway has topped the HDI, with a score of 0.938, in a scale of zero to one. A score of one indicates a perfect level in the index.
The Nordic country is followed by Australia at the second place (0.937) and New Zealand with a score of ranked third.
The world's largest economy US is fourth with a score of

25. During the last 40 years, life expectancy at birth in India has improved by 16 years, but less than the 23 years in Bangladesh.
Average life expectancy at birth in India is currently 64 years, as against 67 years in Pakistan and Bangladesh.

26. Top Ten Countries Three new indices: Three new indices –
Inequality adjustment HDI,
Gender inequality index and
Multi-dimensional poverty index.
Other factors that determined the HDI ranking include empowerment, inequality, education, health, demographic trends, civic and community well being.
Top Ten Countries

27. Top-ranked countries:
Canada and Norway has been ranked the highest eight times each, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.

28. Others measures

29. Future projections……

30. References :
United Nations Development Programme:Primer: Guidnelines and Tools For Statistical Research, Analysis and Advocacy,Iintroduction;September 2007.
United Nations Development Programme:Primer: Statistical Principles in Human Development Analysis, Chapter 1;September 2007.
United Nations Development Programme:Primer: Select Dimensions of Measuring Human Development , Chapter 2;September 2007.
United Nations Development Programme:Primer: Advocacing for Change With Human Development Data, Chapter 3;September 2007.
India 134 on UN development index - The Times of India index/articleshow/ cms#ixzz14wZnMuxo
"History of the Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme.
"2010 Human development Report". United Nations Development Programme