1. Skill Analysis in Physical Education
2nd 9 Weeks - Volleyball

2. Why Analyze Sport Skills?
1) Our ability to successfully analyze sport skills meets ODE PE Standard 2B: Demonstrates knowledge of Critical Elements and Biomechanical Principles for specialized skills.
2) If we have a more in-depth understanding of our sport we can become better players!

3. What are Critical Elements?
Critical Elements are crucial/necessary steps, or key parts, that must be present for the skill to be performed correctly.
Critical Elements are broken into preparation (before), execution (during), and follow-through (after) phases of the skill.

4. What are Common Errors?
Usually, common errors are the opposite of critical elements.
They are what NOT to do –or- are common mistakes that people make when performing a skill.

5. How would you rate your team’s performance in a skill in PE?
3= can successfully perform the skill in practice and in game play
2= can successfully perform the skill in practice, but 50/50 during game play
1= cannot successfully perform the skill in practice or game play
0= was absent or did not participate in the skill during practice or game play

6. How can I decide what needs to be improved?
Look at your common errors (mistakes).
Pick out 2-3 common mistakes you are making and try to improve them.
What feedback did you receive from your teacher/teammates about improving the skill?
What skills, drills, mini-games did you work on in class to improve the skill?

7. What are some ways I can improve?
If you want to get better at a specific skill, you practice that specific skill (specificity)
Think about the critical elements (important cues) when performing the skill and practice doing them correctly each time.
Practice the skills/drills/games in class with purpose…perform as if it were a real game.
Practice at home with family, friends, neighbors, or in an after school activity (if you are part of a team).

8. 3 Important Volleyball Skills
1. Forearm Pass
2. Overhead Set
3. Overhand Serve

9. Critical Elements for Forearm Pass Watch this video on Forearm Pass in Volleyball… Volleyball Passing Technique

10. Critical Elements for Forearm Passing
What were some important cues to remember and focus on when forearm passing?
1. Ready position (one foot slightly in front), eyes on the ball
2. Get behind the ball, then platform (hands one on top of the other, thumbs down, arms straight)
3. Use slight movement from hips, shrug shoulders, face target on follow through

11. Common Errors for Forearm Passing
What are some common mistakes people make with forearm passing (bumping) the volleyball?
1. Not in ready position
2. Not behind the ball, or bad platform
3. Too much or too little leg and arm motion on contact and follow through

12. Rate Yourself On Forearm Passing…
Honestly, with your team, rate yourself on your forearm passing ability in practice and game play. Remember:
3= can successfully perform the skill in practice and in game play
2= can successfully perform the skill in practice, but 50/50 during game play
1= cannot successfully perform the skill in practice or game play
0= was absent or did not participate in the skill during practice or game play

13. How to Improve…
With your team(or, if doing this assignment alone, think of), discuss ideas for how to improve.
Areas to improve on forearm passing would include (but not be limited to)…improving ready position, platform, and follow through to target
Hint: What drills did we do in class to improve in forearm passing?

14. Possible Examples for Improving Forearm Passing…
Using critical elements while forearm passing
Practice forearm passing by yourself, either in the air or toward a wall
Practice forearm passing to a target with a partner
Practice forearm passing to a target on the court (setter)
Practice forearm passing off a serve from the other side
Practice forearm passing off a hit (spike) from the other side)

15. Critical Elements for Overhead Setting in Volleyball Watch this video on Overhead Setting in Volleyball… Volleyball Setting Technique

16. Critical Elements for Overhead Setting
Ready position, eyes on the ball
Get under the ball with hands up
Hands up (triangle) at forehead, bent knees
Use finger pads to contact the ball, and extend arms toward target on follow through (like superman)

17. Common Errors for Overhead Setting
Did not get in ready position, or did not get under the ball
Hands too low or not in triangle, or did not use finger pads
Not extending arms toward target on follow through
Carry (contacted too long) or double contact (one hand, then the other touches ball)

18. Rate Yourself on Overhead Setting
Honestly, with your team, rate yourself on your setting ability in practice and game play. Remember:
3= can successfully perform the skill in practice and in game play
2= can successfully perform the skill in practice, but 50/50 during game play
1= cannot successfully perform the skill in practice or game play
0= was absent or did not participate in the skill during practice or game play

19. How to Improve
With your team(or, if doing this assignment alone, think of), discuss ideas for how to improve.
Areas to improve in overhead setting would include (but not be limited to)…getting under the ball, hands in triangle at forehead, extend arms at the same time to target on follow through
Hint: What drills did we do in class to improve in setting?

20. Possible Examples for Improving Overhead Setting …
Practice ready position, hand/arm placement without the ball
Practice setting to a target with proper form
Practice setting to a target from a partner toss
Practice setting to a target from a partner forearm pass
Practice setting to a target from your own forearm pass

21. Critical Elements for Overhand Serving in Volleyball Watch this video on Serving in Volleyball… “How to do an Overhand Volleyball Serve”

22. Critical Elements for Overhand Serving
Ready position, non-dominant foot in front, shoulders square to the net
Toss with opposite hand of serving hand, bow and arrow swing (non-dominant hand straight out, dominant elbow up and hand by ear) 1-2 feet into the air
Hit ball with heal of dominant hand (cues: “toss, step, hi-five”)
Follow through will depend on where you want ball to land on opponent’s court

23. Common Errors for Overhand Serving
Not in ready position or squared to the net
Bad toss, or tossing with hitting hand
Did not contact ball at the top of the toss, or did not contact ball with the heal of the hand
Hit the ball too hard (out of bounds) or not hard enough (not over the net)

24. Rate Yourself on Overhand Serving
Honestly, with your team, rate yourself on your overhand serving ability in practice and game play. Remember:
3= can successfully perform the skill in practice and in game play
2= can successfully perform the skill in practice, but 50/50 during game play
1= cannot successfully perform the skill in practice or game play
0= was absent or did not participate in the skill during practice or game play

25. How to Improve
With your team(or, if doing this assignment alone, think of), discuss ideas for how to improve.
Areas to improve in overhand serving would include (but not be limited to)…good toss, contacting the ball with the heal of the hand at the right time and with enough force to get it “over and in”
Hint: What drills did we do in class to improve in Overhand Serving?

26. Possible Examples for How to Improve Overhand Serving
Practice critical elements one step at a time: ready position, ready position with a toss, then ready position with a toss and trying to hit the ball
Practice serving form against a wall, trapping the ball at the contact point
Practice serving from a few steps away from the net, then after a few successful serves, stepping back until you have reached the service line
Practice serving to different positions on the opponent’s court

27. What are Biomechanical Principles?
Examples of Biomechanical Principles we might be using in PE are:
Mass
Friction
Angular Motion
Body Position
Inertia
Rotation
Speed/Velocity
Center of Gravity
Force
Angle of Release (trajectory)
Linear Motion
Acceleration
Torque

28. How can Biomechanical Principals and/or errors impact performance?
Knowledge and application of biomechanical principles in sports can help us better manage our bodies when are moving in practice or game situations.
If we apply the biomechanical principles to our practice and game play (play with purpose) we should be better athletes!

29. Choose One Skill we Discussed: Forearm Passing, Overhead Setting, or Overhand Serving
Choose 3 Biomechanical Principles, thinking of how proper execution or errors could impact the performance of the skill.
Examples in this Presentation are for Volleyball Overhand Serving
Examples of Biomechanical Terms used for Volleyball Overhand Serving are: Angle of Release (contact), Force, Speed.

30. Biomechanical Term (from word bank)
How would each Biomechanical Term impact performance of Overhand Serving in Volleyball?
Biomechanical Term (from word bank)
Impact on Performance
Angle of Release/Contact (execution phase)
If you do not contact the ball at the correct angle (in center on the hi-five motion with the heal of the hand) you may miss the ball and have a bad serve
Force (follow through phase)
Speed (execution phase)
If you do not use enough force, the ball will go over the net. If you use too much force, the ball may go out of bounds.
The quicker the contact, the more speed you will have on the serve. Also jump serve will have more speed than a standing serve because of greater force behind contact.
Center of Gravity & Rotation
If you want to serve a floater serve (no spin) you want to apply the force through the ball’s center of gravity. If you want a topspin, you will apply force above the volleyball’s center of gravity.
Body Position (in all phases)
If you do not have the proper body position on preparation, execution, and follow through phases of serving you may miss the ball or not get it “over and in.”

31. Can you apply other Biomechanical Principles from the Word Bank to Volleyball?
If you do so successfully, both your PE and Science teachers will be PROUD!!
If you can apply it in your notes, you should also try to apply it in your volleyball practice and game play!
Please turn your completed notes packet in to your teacher