1. CELLULAR COMPONENTS & PROCESES
CELLS
CELLULAR COMPONENTS & PROCESES

2. MODERN CELL THEORY
The cell is the unit of structure and function in living things.
All cells arise from preexisting cells.
The cells of all living things carry on similar chemical activities.
All cells carry on their metabolic activities in organelles.

3. There are two types of cells:
Prokaryotic- cells that DO NOT have a nucleus or other cell ORGANELLES
Eukaryotic- cells with a NUCLEUS & cell ORGANELLES
Which is more complicated?
REMEMBER YOU ARE EUKARYOTIC!

5. All cells have the following organelles:
The parts of a cell that carry out a function are called cell ORGANELLES:
All cells have the following organelles:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton

6. Eukaryote cells ALSO have:
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Golgi Body Complex
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Lysosome
Centrioles (ANIMAL ONLY)
Only Plant Cells have all of the above &:
Cell Wall
Chloroplast

7. organelles little “organs” of the cell
Organelles are present in BOTH plants and animals
Carry out cellular functions!

8. Nucleus cellular control center
Controls cellular activity
contains hereditary material (DNA in chromosomes)
self duplicating structure -divides when the cell divides

10. Nuclear membrane
surrounds nucleus allowing certain materials to enter and leave

11. Nucleolus round organelle in the nucleus usually a pair
involved with the synthesis of RNA in the ribosomes

12. Cytoplasm (protoplasm)
fluid like material between the cell membrane and the nucleus
over 80 % water
“HOLDS” cell organelles in place
site of most organelles and cellular chemical reactions

14. Vacuole membrane bound cytoplasmic spaces containing materials
** Vacuoles are crucial in single-celled organisms
Two Types:
Food vacuole--store and digest ingested food
Contractile vacuole-pumps excess water from cells maintaining homeostasis

16. Mitochondrion "Powerhouse of the cell"
carries on cellular respiration (contains respiratory enzymes that make ATP) (energy molecule)
may contain DNA--is self duplicating-- divides when the cell divides
found in greater #s in active cells

17. Plasma (cell) membrane
The cell membrane is SEMI-PERMEABLE
selectively regulates the flow of materials to and from the cell--thus maintaining chemical homeostasis within the cell
The membrane acts like a BOUNCER only allowing certain things in and out of the cell It is made up of a lipid bilayer
double layer of FAT - "Fat sandwich"
transport through the plasma membrane likely occurs through these globular proteins (Fluid mosaic model)

18. ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES ONLY
Centriole- a cylindrical structure found in the cytoplasm which appears to function during the division of certain animal cells (usually near the nucleus)
Helps animal cells divide

20. photosynthesis
the conversion of light energy to chemical energy by chlorophyll in chloroplasts
Overall Net equation for photosynthesis:
6 Water + 6 Carbon dioxide yields glucose + 6 oxygen (when catalyzed by chlorophyll in the presence of sunlight)

21. Levels of Tissue Organization
cell - unit of structure of all life
tissue - composed of groups of similar cells
organs - composed of groups of tissues functioning together
organ systems - composed of groups of organs functioning together