1. Cell Structure
Standard: Identify and describe the function of major plant and animal cell organelles.

2. Cells

3. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Cells can be separated into two groups.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells: NO Membrane-bound NUCLEUS
Example: Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells: have a TRUE NUCLEUS, membrane-bound
Example: all cells in your body

4. Cell Parts Cells-the basic unit of life
Standard: Identify and describe the function of major plant and animal cell organelles.
Cell Parts
Cells-the basic unit of life
Organelles-small structures inside a cell with specific functions

5. Animal Cell

6. Plant Cell

7. What is the structure and function of the organelles in both a plant AND animal cell?
Cell Membrane→ Not an organelle, protective layer around the cells
Cytoplasm → Not an organelle, suspends the organelles
Organelles
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Golgi Bodies
Vacuole

8. Cell Membrane
Function: regulates what enters and leaves the cell; acts as a gatekeeper
Structure: protective flexible double-layered outer covering of the cell
Allows water to move freely into and out of the cell

9. CYTOPLASM: Function: holds all the other organelles in place
Structure: a gel-like substance inside cells
Place where many chemical reactions occur
Cytoskeleton- helps the cell maintain or change its shape

10. NUCLEUS- The Brain
Function: “Control Center” directs activities and contains information that determine a cell’s characteristics.
Structure: spherical in shape, membrane bound, contains DNA, hereditary material, that is stored on chromosomes
Nucleus
Nucleus as seen through an electron microscope

11. Nuclear Membrane Function: Regulates what enters and exits the nucleus
Structure: Double Layer of Lipids

12. E) Nucleolus
Nucleolus
Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins.
Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA
Analogy – The Mayor

13. H) Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins.
Free Ribosomes
Function: Makes proteins.
Structure: small circular organelles
Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

14. MITOCHONDRIA
Function: releases energy from digested food for use by the cell, powerhouse of the cell
Uses glucose to provide cells with energy
Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped
Cells that use a lot of energy have more

15. G) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Function: Transportation route for proteins.
Rough ER: has ribosomes
Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Structure: tubes and channels
Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

16. GOLGI BODIES/APPARATUS
Function: packages materials and moves them to the outside of the cell
Structure: stacked, flattened membranes

17. VACUOLE Function: storage for water, nutrients, and/or waste
Ex: pantry in a kitchen
Structure: water filled sack floating in the cytoplasm

18. J) Lysosomes
Lysosomes
Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell.
Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles
Analogy – Recycling center

19. Comparing animal and plant cells:
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

20. N) Centrioles (Animals Only)
Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division.
Structure: Tubules

21. CHLOROPLASTS-Plants only
Function: converts sunlight into energy for the cell, where photosynthesis takes place
Structure: green organelle that contains chlorophyll and other structures
Contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green color

22. CELL WALL- Plants only
Function: gives plant cells structure and support, like a skeleton
Structure: wall-like structure made of cellulose

23. Levels of Organization
Cell→ tissue→ organ→ organ system→organism

24. From Cell to Organism
One celled organisms perform all their life functions by themselves.
In a many-celled organism, several systems work together in order to perform life functions efficiently.
Each cell carries on its own life function while depending in some way on other cells in the organism.
Cell→ tissue→ organ→ organ system→organism
student→ science class→ all your classes→ 7th grade→ middle school

25. Cell to Organism
Tissue-group of similar cells that work together to do one job
Each cell in a tissue does its part to keep the tissure alive
Organ- structure made up of two or more different types of tissues that work together
Your heart is an organ made up of cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and blood tissues.
Organ system- group of organs working together to perform a certain function
Your heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries make up your cardiovascular system.

26. Cell Theory
Rudolph Vichow hypothesized that cells divide to form new cells.
The Cell Theory
1. All organism are made up of one or more cells
An organism can be one cell or many cells like most plants and animals
2. The cell is the basic unit of organization in organisms.
Even in complex organisms, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function
3. All cells come from cells
Most cells can divide to form two new, identical cells