1. Fundamental Units of Life – CELLS!

2. Living Compartments Organisms can exist as a single cells - amebas
Cells vary in size and shape; each is basically a fluid filled bag in which various structures are housed
Ok.. Why do have this fluid filled bag? Why is it’s composition similar to sea water?
Internal structures are called organelles (little organs in latin)

3. Living Compartments Intracellular = “inside of the cell”
Extracellular = “outside of the cell”
Organelles are small membrane bound structures that have specific functions within the cell
Prokaryotic = DO NOT have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles
Eukaryotic = Have a membrane bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

4. Living Compartments

5. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

6. Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
Cell Wall
Vacuole

7. Cell Structure Cell Wall PLANT CELLS ONLY!!
Composed of complex carbohydrate-cellulose
Humans are unable to digest cellulose because the appropriate enzymes to breakdown the beta acetal linkages it has are lacking. FIBER!
Support, rigidity, and protection
Surrounds plasma membrane
PLANT CELLS ONLY!!

8. Cell Structure Plasma membrane (cell skin?)
Double lipid bilayer (2 layers)
Composed of protein and phospholipids
The membrane regulates the exchange of substances (nutrients/waste/signaling molecules) between the cell and its surrounding
BOTH animal and plant cells
have a plasma membrane.

9. Cell Structure Cytoplasm (cell blood?) BOTH plant and animal cells
liquid substance inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus
Where biochemical reactions occur and organelles are suspended
BOTH plant and animal cells

10. The Central Vacuole
The central vacuole is a cellular organelle found in plant cells.
It is often the largest organelle in the cell.
It is surrounded by a membrane and functions to hold materials and wastes.
It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support for the growing plant.

11. Chloroplasts
a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
It has the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll) that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water.

12. Cell Structure Flagella / Cilia (cell feet/arms?)
Aid in locomotion
BOTH Plant and Animal cells can have these.
Flagella
Cilia

13. Cell Structure - Organelles
Nucleus (cell brain?)
Contains genetic instructions (DNA)
Controls cellular activities
BOTH plant and animal cells

14. Cell Structure - Nucleolus
largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells,
where it primarily serves as the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly.

15. Cell Structure - Organelles
Mitochondria (cell engine?)
Release of energy from sugars in the form of ATP through cellular respiration
BOTH plant and animal cells

16. Cell Structure - Organelles
Chloroplasts
Acquire energy through light (absorb photons!) and convert into chemical energy by photosynthesis
Contain green photosynthetic pigments - chlorophyll.
PLANT Cells ONLY!!!

17. Cell Structure - Organelles
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
BOTH Plant and Animal Cells

18. Cell Structure - Organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum (cell circulatory system?)
Transport of proteins and synthesis of lipids
BOTH Plant and Animal cells

19. Cell Structure - Organelles
Golgi Bodies (cell post office)
Modification, packaging and shipping of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
BOTH Plant and Animal cells

20. Cell Structure - Organelles
Central vacuoles (plant cell stomach?)
Storage of water, wastes, and nutrients
Influences cell size and shape – TURGOR PRESSURE
PLANT cells ONLY!!!

21. Cell Structure - Organelles
Lysosomes – (cell digestive tract?)
Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion of bacteria, cellular debris, and worn out cell parts
Animal Cells ONLY!!!
Centrioles (cell bones?)
Organize part of the cytoskeleton (protein filaments) in animal cells
Animal Cells ONLY!!!