1. Chapter 5 Shaping a New Nation

2. Chapter 5.1-5.2 The Constitution
Objectives:
Explain Republicanism
Identify issues debated in drafting the Articles of Confederation
Summarize the key conflicts at the Constitutional Convention and explain how they were resolved.
Describe the form of government established by the Constitution.

3. 2nd Continental Congress Debates
Representation
Each state got one vote
Supreme Power
State and national government shares power in a confederation
Western Lands
All states gave up land west of the Appalachians

4. Constitutional Convention
Conflicts:
National government too weak:
Replaced articles with new Constitution
Big states vs. small states:
Great Compromise, two house congress with equal representation in the Senate, based on population in the House.
Slaves counting as people:
Three-Fifths Compromise

5. The Founding Father’s View of Human Nature
Basic Principles
The Founding Father’s View of Human Nature
God is the “Great Lawgiver”
Natural Law
Reason and Logic

6. Popular Sovereignty
The people are best governed in a republic, in which citizens rule through their elected representatives.
Representative Democracy

7. The Rule of Law
The Constitution applies to everyone equally.

8. Division of Powers
Federalism divides power between the national and state governments.
The national government has enumerated powers.
The states have reserved powers.
They both have shared powers.

9. Separation of Powers
The delegates created three branches of government:
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
This serves as a system checks and balances.

10. Chapter 5.3 Ratifying the Constitution
Objectives:
Contrast Federalist and
Antifederalist arguments.
Explain how and why the Bill of
Rights was added to the Constitution.

11. Federalists vs. Antifederalists
Supported the Constitution.
Favored a strong Federal government.
Didn’t want a Bill of Rights.
Opposed the Constitution.
Wanted a Bill of Rights.
Wanted a weak Federal government
Ratification
Federalists agree to
a Bill of Rights.
James Madison drafts
10 Amendments.

12. The Constitution “The Supreme Law of the Land”
The Preamble
Introduces and explains the purpose of the Constitution.

13. Article 1
Establishes and defines the role of the legislative branch. (to make laws)

14. Article 2
Establishes and defines the role of the executive branch. (enforce laws)

15. Article 3
Establishes and defines the role of the judicial branch. (interpret laws)

16. Article 4
vs.
Defines how each state is supposed to relate to the other states of the Union.

17. Article 5
Defines the process of amending the Constitution.

18. Article 6
Establishes “federalism” and makes the Federal government more powerful than the states.
The “Supremacy Clause”

19. Article 7 Defines the process for ratification of the Constitution.
¾ of all of the states must accept.

20. Bill of Rights
Added to satisfy the Antifederalists who wanted a written guarantee of their rights.