1. Cell Organelles
Edwin P. Davis, M.Ed.

6. Animal Cell Nucleus 2 Cell Types No nucleus Nucleus
Cell Organelles  organs in a cell
Most important = nucleus (controls all cell functions)
Nucleus:Cell :: brain:body
2 Cell Types
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
No nucleus
Nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound organelles
Simple
Complex
Contains: cell wall, cell membrane, and ribosomes
Contains: nucleus and organelles
Bacteria only
Plants/animals/fungus

7. Types of Cells

8. Types of Cells

9. Organelles are small, specialized structures in cells which operate like organs by carrying out specific tasks.

11. Eukaryotic Nucleus
The nucleus stores chromatin (DNA plus proteins) in a gel-like substance called the nucleoplasm.
The nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs.
The boundary of the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope. It consists of two phospholipid bilayers: an outer membrane and an inner membrane.
The nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Nuclear pores allow substances to enter and exit the nucleus.

12. Nucleus Nucleus – control center (contains chromatin)
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Nucleus – control center (contains chromatin)
Chromatin – Tangles of DNA
Nucleolus – A small, dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of proteins begins

13. Ribosomes Cytoplasm Found on the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm
Site of protein synthesis
Makes proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Liquid between the nucleus and cell membrane
Suspends organelles
A place for chemical reactions and transport

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Folded membrane (increased surface area)
Assembly and transport of proteins and lipids
Rough ER has attached ribosomes

15. Golgi Apparatus (body)
Packaging and shipping of proteins and lipids
Packaged into vesicles
Vacuole
Storage of food, water, and waste
Larger in plant cells – usually contains water

16. Mitochondrion Produces Energy (ATP) for the cell
Inner folded membrane increases surface area

17. Cilia
Short hair-like projections from the membrane
Cell movement
Flagella
Long whip-like structure that extend from the cell membrane
Usually 1 or 2 on a cell

18. Cytoskeleton Cell Membrane Helps a cell keep its shape
Serves as the cell's boundary from its environment and regulates which materials enter and leave the cell

19. Centrioles - Found in animal cells
Centrioles - Found in animal cells. Organizes the chromosomes during cell division.
Chromatin - A granular material made up of DNA bound to protein
Chromosome - Threadlike structure that contains genetic information.
Nuclear Envelope - A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

20. Lysosomes - Contains enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

21. Lysosomes
Enzymes within the lysosomes aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles.
These enzymes are active at a much lower pH than that of the cytoplasm.
Therefore, the pH within lysosomes is more acidic than the pH of the cytoplasm.

22. Plastids are double membrane bound organelles found inside plants and some algae, which are primarily responsible for activities related to making and storing food.
Many plastids are photosynthetic but some are not.