1. Paper Preparation solo
Head the paper in the upper right corner with your first and last name, today’s date, and the period you have civics.
Who Rules?
We are using thick columns.
1) Fold like a hamburger
2) Fold like a hot dog
Copy what you see on the screen to your paper OR take notes your way.
None
One
Few
All

2. Who Rules? (SS.7.C.3.1)
- by the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
identify major forms of government
compare and contrast the major features of different forms of government
analyze examples of real-world governments

3. During this reading...
We will go through the reading twice. For the first time, just listen with your pencil down. I will read it to you while the screen is blank. For the second time, I will project the text onto the board and read it

4. 読み中
If you compared all the governments in the world, you would find one thing in common: Someone is in charge. The question is, who? There are many different forms of government. Some have one leader who has all the control. Others give power to the people. Here are some forms of government that exist (or have existed) in the world:
PRESS SPACE BAR.
An autocracy is a government in which one person has all the power. There are two main types of autocracy: a monarchy and a dictatorship.
In a monarchy, a king or queen rules the country. The king or queen is known as a monarch. Monarchs usually come to power through their family line: The current king or queen’s oldest child becomes the next king or queen. In some monarchies, especially those in historical times, the monarch held all the power and had the final say over the government. In modern times, monarchs usually share power with other parts of government. Often they are also subject to the country’s constitution.
A dictatorship is a form of government where one leader has absolute control over citizens’ lives. If there is a constitution, the dictator has control over that, too—so it doesn’t mean much. Although other parts of the government may exist, such as courts or a lawmaking body, these branches always do what the dictator wants them to do. They do not represent citizens.
In a democracy, citizens hold the political power. There are two fundamental types of democracies:
In a representative democracy, citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in government. The elected leaders, or representatives, do the day-to-day work of governing the country: They consider the issues, work to find solutions, pass laws, and do all of the other things necessary to keep a country going. Citizens hold the ultimate power, though, because if they don’t like what their representatives are doing, they can vote in new ones!
In a direct democracy, there are no representatives. Citizens are directly involved in the day-to-day work of governing the country. Citizens might be required to participate in lawmaking or act as judges, for example. The best example of this was in the ancient Greek city-state called Athens. Most modern countries are too large for a direct democracy to work.
In an oligarchy (OH-lih-gar-kee), a small group of people has all the power. Oligarchy is a Greek word that means “rule by a few.” Sometimes this means that only a certain group has political rights, such as members of one political party, one social class, or one race. For example, in some societies, only noble families who owned land could participate in politics. An oligarchy can also mean that a few people control the country. For example, a junta is a small group of people—usually military officers—who rule a country after taking it over by force. A junta often operates much like a dictatorship, except that several people share power.
A theocracy is a government that recognizes God or a divine being as the ultimate authority. (“Theo” is a Greek word that means god.) In a theocracy, religious law is used to settle disputes and rule the people. A theocracy can also be a democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, or just about any other kind of government. For example, the Republic of Iran recognizes Islamic law, but Iran’s citizens vote to elect their leaders. Modern theocracies are usually found in countries where the population is strongly religious.
In an anarchy, nobody is in control—or everyone is, depending on how you look at it. Sometimes the word anarchy is used to refer to an out-of-control mob. When it comes to government, anarchy would be one way to describe the human state of existence before any governments developed. It would be similar to the way animals live in the wild, with everyone looking out for themselves. Today, people who call themselves anarchists usually believe that people should be allowed to freely associate together without being subject to any nation or government. There are no countries that have anarchy as their form of government.

5. 読み中
An autocracy is a government in which one person has all the power. There are two main types of autocracy: a monarchy and a dictatorship.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

6. 読み中
In a monarchy, a king or queen rules the country. The king or queen is known as a monarch. Monarchs usually come to power through their family line: The current king or queen’s oldest child becomes the next king or queen. In some monarchies, especially those in historical times, the monarch held all the power and had the final say over the government. In modern times, monarchs usually share power with other parts of government. Often they are also subject to the country’s constitution.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

7. 読み中
A dictatorship is a form of government where one leader has absolute control over citizens’ lives. If there is a constitution, the dictator has control over that, too—so it doesn’t mean much. Although other parts of the government may exist, such as courts or a lawmaking body, these branches always do what the dictator wants them to do. They do not represent citizens.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

8. 読み中
In a democracy, citizens hold the political power. There are two fundamental types of democracies:
PRESS SPACE BAR.

9. 読み中
In a representative democracy, citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in government. The elected leaders, or representatives, do the day-to-day work of governing the country: They consider the issues, work to find solutions, pass laws, and do all of the other things necessary to keep a country going. Citizens hold the ultimate power, though, because if they don’t like what their representatives are doing, they can vote in new ones!
PRESS SPACE BAR.

10. 読み中
In a direct democracy, there are no representatives. Citizens are directly involved in the day-to-day work of governing the country. Citizens might be required to participate in lawmaking or act as judges, for example. The best example of this was in the ancient Greek city-state called Athens. Most modern countries are too large for a direct democracy to work.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

11. 読み中
In an oligarchy (OH-lih-gar-kee), a small group of people has all the power. Oligarchy is a Greek word that means “rule by a few.” Sometimes this means that only a certain group has political rights, such as members of one political party, one social class, or one race. For example, in some societies, only noble families who owned land could participate in politics.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

12. 読み中
An oligarchy can also mean that a few people control the country. For example, a junta is a small group of people—usually military officers—who rule a country after taking it over by force. A junta often operates much like a dictatorship, except that several people share power.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

13. 読み中
A theocracy is a government that recognizes God or a divine being as the ultimate authority. (“Theo” is a Greek word that means god.) In a theocracy, religious law is used to settle disputes and rule the people. A theocracy can also be a democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, or just about any other kind of government.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

14. 読み中
For example, the Republic of Iran recognizes Islamic law, but Iran’s citizens vote to elect their leaders. Modern theocracies are usually found in countries where the population is strongly religious.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

15. 読み中
In an anarchy, nobody is in control—or everyone is, depending on how you look at it. Sometimes the word anarchy is used to refer to an out-of-control mob. When it comes to government, anarchy would be one way to describe the human state of existence before any governments developed. It would be similar to the way animals live in the wild, with everyone looking out for themselves.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

16. 読み中
Today, people who call themselves anarchists usually believe that people should be allowed to freely associate together without being subject to any nation or government. There are no countries that have anarchy as their form of government.
PRESS SPACE BAR.

17. After the first reading...
We need to place these ten words in the tree map. It’s okay if you can’t write them now. If you know where they go, please write them before the timer finishes.
anarchy autocracy democracy
monarchy direct democracy
dictatorship representative democracy
oligarchy junta theocracy
It is okay to discuss this with nearby students.

18. During this reading...
We are going through the reading twice. This time, I will project the text onto the board and read it. Before we move to the next slide, we will confirm where the vocabulary word belongs.

19. Someone’s Got to Be In Charge
If you compared all the governments in the world, you would find one thing in common: Someone is in charge. The question is, who? There are many different forms of government. Some have one leader who has all the control. Others give power to the people. Here are some forms of government that exist (or have existed) in the world:

20. Me, Myself, and I
An autocracy is a government in which one person has all the power.

21. Me, Myself, and I
In a monarchy, a king or queen rules the country. The king or queen is known as a monarch. Monarchs usually come to power through their family line: The current king or queen’s oldest child becomes the next king or queen. In some monarchies, especially those in historical times, the monarch held all the power and had the final say over the government. In modern times, monarchs usually share power with other parts of government. Often they are also subject to the country’s constitution. A dictatorship is a form of government where one leader has absolute control over citizens’ lives. If there is a constitution, the dictator has control over that, too—so it doesn’t mean much. Although other parts of the government may exist, such as courts or a lawmaking body, these branches always do what the dictator wants them to do. They do not represent citizens.

22. Me, Myself, and I
In some monarchies, especially those in historical times, the monarch held all the power and had the final say over the government. In modern times, monarchs usually share power with other parts of government. Often they are also subject to the country’s constitution.

23. Me, Myself, and I
A dictatorship is a form of government where one leader has absolute control over citizens’ lives. If there is a constitution, the dictator has control over that, too—so it doesn’t mean much. Although other parts of the government may exist, such as courts or a lawmaking body, these branches always do what the dictator wants them to do. They do not represent citizens.

24. Power to the People!
In a democracy, citizens hold the political power. There are two fundamental types of democracies:

25. Power to the People!
In a representative democracy, citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in government. The elected leaders, or representatives, do the day-to-day work of governing the country: They consider the issues, work to find solutions, pass laws, and do all of the other things necessary to keep a country going.

26. Power to the People!
Citizens hold the ultimate power, though, because if they don’t like what their representatives are doing, they can vote in new ones!

27. Power to the People!
In a direct democracy, there are no representatives. Citizens are directly involved in the day-to-day work of governing the country. Citizens might be required to participate in lawmaking or act as judges, for example. The best example of this was in the ancient Greek city-state called Athens. Most modern countries are too large for a direct democracy to work.

28. We, Ourselves, and… um… Us
In an oligarchy (OH-lih-gar-kee), a small group of people has all the power. Oligarchy is a Greek word that means “rule by a few.” Sometimes this means that only a certain group has political rights, such as members of one political party, one social class, or one race. For example, in some societies, only noble families who owned land could participate in politics.

29. We, Ourselves, and… um… Us
An oligarchy can also mean that a few people control the country. For example, a junta is a small group of people—usually military officers— who rule a country after taking it over by force. A junta often operates much like a dictatorship, except that several people share power.

30. Religious Rule
A theocracy is a government that recognizes God or a divine being as the ultimate authority. (“Theo” is a Greek word that means god.) In a theocracy, religious law is used to settle disputes and rule the people. A theocracy can also be a democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, or just about any other kind of government.

31. Religious Rule
For example, the Republic of Iran recognizes Islamic law, but Iran’s citizens vote to elect their leaders. Modern theocracies are usually found in countries where the population is strongly religious.

32. Rule by None
In an anarchy, nobody is in control—or everyone is, depending on how you look at it. Sometimes the word anarchy is used to refer to an out-of-control mob. When it comes to government, anarchy would be one way to describe the human state of existence before any governments developed.

33. Rule by None
It would be similar to the way animals live in the wild, with everyone looking out for themselves. Today, people who call themselves anarchists usually believe that people should be allowed to freely associate together without being subject to any nation or government. There are no countries that have anarchy as their form of government.

34. After the readings...
Did you complete your tree map? There was one tricky one: theocracy. That’s because any government can be a theocracy: Theocratic Dictatorship, Theocratic Monarcy, Theocratic Democracy... anything goes!

35. Finally, we need defintions.
For each of the ten government types we put into our tree map, we need to write down some definitions. I will put definitions on the board. You may copy the definitions OR rewrite the definitions in your own words.

36. Autocracy
a government where one person has all the power

37. Monarchy
a government where a king or a queen rules the country

38. Dictatorship
a government where one leader has absolute control over citizens’ lives

39. Oligarchy
a government where a small group of people has all the power

40. Junta
a small group of people, usually military leaders, who rule a country after taking it over by force

41. Democracy
a government where citizens hold the political power

42. Representative Democracy
a government where citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in government

43. Direct Democracy
a government where citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in government

44. Theocracy
a government that recognizes a divine being as the ultimate authority

45. Anarchy
a government where nobody is in control