1. The French Revolution 1789-1815

2. Where have we been, where are we going?
400’s-1300’s – Middle Ages
1290’s-1600’s – Renaissance
Curiosity & Interest
Ability to improve through education and knowledge
Individualism, Humanism, Secularism
1500’s-1600’s – Reformation
Questioning Authority
Religious divisions, intolerance, war and social upheaval
1500’s-1800’s – Exploration & Conquest
Permanent Worldwide Contact
European Monarchs acquired great wealth from colonies
Europe began global dominance
1500’s-1800’s – Absolutism & State Building
Absolute Monarchs rule Europe
1500’s-1800’s – Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
Questioning the Universe
Questioning society

3. Essential Questions
1. To what extent has Enlightenment ideas contributed to revolutions? 2. What were the social, economic and political inequalities of the Old Regime and to what extent did they contribute to the start of the French Revolution? 3. To what extent did the Enlightenment and American Revolution alter French beliefs? 4. How does power corrupt (e.g. Robespierre, Napoleon, etc.)? 5. In what ways do revolutions bring about change?

4. Learning Targets: Ch. 7.1 Explain the causes of the French Revolution.
Explain the significance of the Old Regime in France, and how contributed to discontent among social classes.
Describe how the meeting of the Estates General is a revolutionary movement.
Who made up the National Assembly and why was it created?
In what ways was the Tennis Court Oath revolutionary?
Why is the storming of the Bastille historically significant?
Why is the Great Fear referred to as "senseless panic?"

5. French Revolution – Old Regime
Class of People
Occupation
% of
Population
Special Privileges – of lack of privileges
Did they pay taxes?
First Estate
Pg. 217
Catholic Church officials 1%
10% of the land
Held high offices,
Very low taxes
Yes, but not required to by law.
2% of annual income as a “gift”
Second Estate
Nobles, they held the highest offices in the gov’t, courts, and military, because of noble birth 2%
20% of the land,
Paid no taxes,
NO!
Third Estate
Pgs
Bourgeoisie
cullotes
Bankers, merchants, factory owners, skilled artisians, middle class professionals,
97%
Approx: 7%
Barred from the top positions in gov’t and society
YES!-50%
2. Urban Workers/Lower class: sans-cuttotes
Trades people, apprentices, laborers, domestic servants
10%
Paid low wages,
Many unemployed, went hungry
HECK YES!
3. Peasant Farmers
Farmers and rural laborers
80%
Yes, paid taxes, very poor
Oh YES! A LOT!!!

6. French Revolution – Old Regime
Class of People
Occupation
% of
Population
Special Privileges – or lack of privileges
Did they pay taxes?
First Estate
Pg. 217
Roman Catholic Church Clergy 1%
Held highest offices
Very wealthy
No-but gave 2% of annual income to gov’t as “gift”
Second Estate
Nobles-occupied the top positions in the gov’t, courts, and military 2%
20% land, very wealthy
NO!-it was their noble right!
Third Estate
Pgs
1. Bourgeoisie-culottes
Bankers, factory owners, merchants, skilled artisians, lawyers, doctors
97% total 8%
Well educated, wealthy, but lacked privileges since not noble birth
YES!!
2. Urban Workers/Lower class-sans-cullotes
Trades people, servants, apprentices, manual labor jobs 9%
Poor, bread, struggle to feed family, went hungry
OH YES!
3. Peasant Farmers
Farmers, rural laborers
80%
Paid most in taxes, 50% of income,
HECK YES!!

7. French Revolution – Old Regime
Class of People
Occupation
% of
Population
Special Privileges – of lack of privileges
Did they pay taxes?
First Estate
Pg. 217
Catholic Church Clergy
Own 10% of the land, less than 1% of Pop
Help the poor, education, relief services, help top offices in France
No-tax exempt, gave 2% of annual income to gov’t as a “gift”
Second Estate
Nobles-wealthy. Occupied the top position in gov’t, courts, and military
2% of Pop, 20% of the land
No taxes, wealthy, powerful, owned land, high society
No.
Third Estate
Pgs
Bourgeoisie
cullotes
Bankers, Merchants, factory owners, skilled artisans, professionals
97% overall 7%
Barred for top positions due to social class
YES!
2. Urban Workers/Lower class
Trades people, domestic servants, laborers, apprentaces
10%
Paid low wages, bread, went hungry,
Oh YES!!
3. Peasant Farmers
Farmers, rural laborers
80%
Very poor, lost half income in taxes
HECK YES!!
-tithes, feudal dues, taxes to the gov’t

8. Old Regime

9. Old Regime Map, 1789

10. The Suggested Voting Pattern-Estates General: Voting by Estates
Clergy
1st Estate 1
Aristocracy
2nd Estate 1 1
Commoners
3rd Estate
Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.

11. 300 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate Clergy 1st Estate Aristocracy
The Number of Representatives in the Estates General:
3rd Estate wants one vote per delegate (by head)!
Clergy
1st Estate
300
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
300
648
Commoners
3rd Estate

12. Convening the Estates General May, 1789
Last time it was called into session was 1614!

13. How can we save France?
Should the separate Estates vote by order (one vote per Estate), or by delegate/head (one person, one vote)?
How can France and its people solve this horrible economic crisis?

14. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes
1st What is the Third Estate? Everything!
2nd What has it been heretofore in the political order? Nothing!
3rd What does it demand? To become something therein!
Abbé Sieyès

15. “The Third Estate Awakens”
The commoners finally presented their credentials not as delegates of the Third Estate, but as “representatives of the nation.”
They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” of France.

16. “The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789

17. Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789
A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly.
18 died.
73 wounded.
7 guards killed.
It held 7 prisoners [5 ordinary criminals & 2 madmen].

18. The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt (July 20, 1789)
Rumors that the feudal aristocracy [the aristos] were sending hired brigands to attack peasants and pillage their land.

19. The Path of the “Great Fear”

21. French Revolution-Pendulum
Republic Absolute
Monarchy
National rd Estate became:
Convention National Assembly
Legislative Assembly
Limited Constitution
Radical Moderate Conservative
Left Center Right

22. Learning Targets Ch. 7.2
1. How did the women's march on Versailles mark a turning point in the relationship between the king and the people? 2. How did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen reflect the principles of the Enlightenment? 3. In what ways did National Assembly restrict the authority of the Catholic Church? 4. What did the Constitution of 1791 create? 5. Why did the royal family attempt to escape France? Why is the outcome of this event considered "radical?" 6. Compare and contrast Emigres to sans-culottes. 7. Who were the Jacobins and what role did they play in the National Convention? 8. What was it like to live in Paris during the Reign of Terror? 9. How did Robespierre justify the use of terror? 10. What role did the Committee of Public Safety play in the Reign of Terror? 11. What event marked the end of the Reign of Terror? 12. Describe the leadership that replaced the National Convention?

23. Homework: Finishing Reading Packet, pgs. 484-486.
Finish Chart on Old Regime.