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FIG. 1. Scanning electronic microscope image of the unmodified beads; all the bead samples were identical in appearance and size to the unmodified shown.

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Presentation on theme: "FIG. 1. Scanning electronic microscope image of the unmodified beads; all the bead samples were identical in appearance and size to the unmodified shown."— Presentation transcript:

1 FIG. 1. Scanning electronic microscope image of the unmodified beads; all the bead samples were identical in appearance and size to the unmodified shown here. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

2 FIG. 2. Free-radical generation by polystyrene latex nanobeads with various surface modifications as measured by EPR with HBSS and 1mM pyrogallol as negative and positive controls, respectively. Tempone H (1mM) was used as the spin trap (***p< 0.001). Mean ± SEM values shown, n = 3. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

3 FIG. 3. Upper panel shows confocal microscopy images (original magnification ×100) showing platelet-platelet aggregates stained with CD42a-FITC (A) latex beads by UV illumination (B) and colocalization of beads and platelet aggregates using both forms of illumination (C). Lower panel (E) shows confocal microscopy images (original magnification ×100) showing a monocyte-platelet aggregate stained with CD14-PE (red color monocyte) and CD42a-FITC (green color platelets) overlain with the blue UV-illuminated NP (shown alone in D) to demonstrate a nanoparticle-platelet-monocyte complex. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

4 FIG. 4. Platelet aggregates formed in whole blood by treatment with aPLNP and cPLNP but not umPLNP. Bars represent mean + SEM of n = 3 separate experiments. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

5 FIG. 5. Platelet-monocyte aggregates following treatment of whole blood with the various PLNP. Asterisks denote significant difference from control—there was no difference between the levels of aggregates seen between the three PLNP. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

6 FIG. 6. Effect of Aqueous extract (AE) of beads on aggregate formation; note the vertical scale showing no significant platelet aggregation effects. Bars represent mean + SEM of n = 3 separate experiments. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

7 FIG. 7. Expression of CD62-P (P-selectin) and PAC-1 in platelets following treatment of whole blood with the various PLNP plus positive control TRAP; significant (p < 0.001) increase over NaCl seen only with cPLNP and TRAP. Bars represent mean + SEM of n = 3 separate experiments. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

8 FIG. 8. Expression of CD62-P (P-selectin) and PAC-1 following treatment with the various PLNP and the positive control TRAP (platelet agonist). cPLNP and TRAP caused significant binding of CD62-P and PAC-1 compared with saline control (***p < 0.001), umPLNP (†††*p < 0.001), and aPLNP (###p < 0.001). Mean ± SEM values shown, n = 3. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

9 FIG. 9. Percentage of cells with phosphatidylserine on the external face of the plasma membrane as measured by Annexin V binding in response to 260 μg/ml of umPLNP, aPLNP, and cPLNP. aPLNP and cPLNP showed a significant difference to control (*p < and ***p < 0.001) and umPLNP († p< 0.01 and †††p < 0.001), and cPLNP differed significantly to the aPLNP (#p < 0.01). Mean ± SEM values shown, n = 4. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

10 FIG. 10. Red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis in response to increasing doses of umPLNP, aPLNP, cPLNP, and DQ12 quartz. umPLNP and cPLNP caused no RBC hemolysis. Quartz caused significant hemolysis at all doses (***p < 0.001). aPLNP resulted in highly significant hemolysis at 500 μg/ml (†††p < 0.001), and by 750 μg/ml, this was significantly different to quartz ($$$p < 0.001). Mean ± SEM values shown, n = 4. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

11 FIG. 11. Effect of 1, 5, and 10% plasma on hemolysis caused by aPLNP
FIG. 11. Effect of 1, 5, and 10% plasma on hemolysis caused by aPLNP. There was no significant effect of 1% plasma, but 5 and 10% plasma cause significant inhibition of hemolysis **, p < 0.01 compared with 0% plasma. Mean ± SEM values shown, n = 3. From: Surface Derivatization State of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles Determines both Their Potency and Their Mechanism of Causing Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro Toxicol Sci. 2010;119(2): doi: /toxsci/kfq349 Toxicol Sci | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please

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