1. ACADEMIC WRITING T6614KA
ELINA HALONEN
JANUARY 2014

2. WHAT IS A PARAGRAPH?
A GROUP OF SENTENCES RELATED TO ONE ANOTHER BY A SINGLE IDEA OR SUBJECT -> ONE IDEA = ONE PARAGRAPH
PARAGRAPHS ORGANIZE MATERIALS AND CONTROL THE VISUAL IMPACT OF THE PAGE
ONE PARAGRAPH INCLUDES ALWAYS MORE THAN ONE SENTENCE

3. WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
A GROUP OF WORDS, USUALLY INCLUDING A SUBJECT OR A VERB, THAT EXPRESS A STATEMENT, QUESTION OR INSTRUCTION
USE CONNECTING WORDS TO LINK YOUR SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPHS

4. CONNECTING/ LINKING WORDS
TO ADD: then, finally, furthermore, moreover, in addition
TO COMPARE: whereas, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, on the contrary, after all, by comparison
TO PROVE: obviously, evidently, besides, indeed, in fact, in any case
TO SHOW EXCEPTION: yet, still, in spite of, despite, however, nevertheless

5. CONNECTING/ LINKING WORDS
TO SHOW TIME: immediately, thereafter, soon, finally, then, later, previously, formerly
TO EMPHASIZE: definitely, extremely, absolutely, naturally, always, forever, never, certainly, undeniably, in any case
TO SHOW SEQUENCE: first, second, third, finally, consequently, simultaneously

6. EXERCISE: Which word does not mean the same?
For example, eg, in fact, such as
In addition, moreover, furthermore, despite
Whereas, thus, therefore, consequently
Since, although, as, because
Yet, but, however, likewise
Also, as well, conversely, too
Alternatively,finally, lastly, in conclusion

7. EXERCISE: Use the following words in a sentence
FURTHERMORE
AS A CONSEQUENCE
IN BRIEF
DESPITE
THEREFORE
NEVERTHELESS

8. REGISTER FORMAL <> INFORMAL WRITTEN <> SPOKEN
TECHNICAL LANGUAGE ( JARGON ) SLANG
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMAL AND FORMAL LANGUAGE?

9. INFORMAL VS FORMAL INFORMAL ENGLISH SHORT, OFTEN FRAGMENTARY SENTENCES
SIMPLER VOCABULARY
CONTRACTED WORDS
PHRASAL VERBS
COLLOQUIALISMS & SLANG
FORMAL ENGLISH
LONG, COMPLEX SENTENCES
NO CONTRACTIONS
VERY FEW PHRASAL VERBS
SOPHISTICATED VOCABULARY
PASSIVE VOICE USED MORE OFTEN THAN ACTIVE VOICE

10. INFORMAL ENGLISH A BIT A LOT / LOTS OF BIG REALLY / PRETTY
SORT OF / KIND OF
THING
WANT

11. DISCUSSION POINTS OF VIEW CAN BE EXPRESSED CAUTIOUSLY OR STRONGLY
AGREEMENT OR DISAGREEMENT CAN BE TOTAL OR PARTIAL:
Partial -> but, however, on the other hand
Emphatic -> certainly right, completely agree
Cautious -> X may be right
Disagreement -> I disagree, I don’t agree at all

12. GROUP DISCUSSION CHOOSE AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS:
DEATH PENALTY – FOR OR AGAINST?
SMOKING – SHOULD IT BE ALLOWED IN PUBLIC PLACES OR BANNED TOTALLY?
FREE EDUCATION FOR EVERYONE –WHO’S PAYING?
FREE CHOICE -> CHOOSE YOUR OWN TOPIC

13. IN YOUR GROUP DID YOU CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC BY CONSENSUS?
DID EVERYONE CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISCUSSION? DID SOMEONE DOMINATE THE DISCUSSION?
DID YOU STICK TO THE TOPIC OR DID YOU GET SIDETRACKED?
DID YOU REACH ANY CONCLUSION?