1. Acids and Bases

2. Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions, H3O+, when dissolved in water
What is an ion?
Hydronium forms when a hydrogen ion splits from the acid and bonds with a water molecule
H+ + H20 -> H3O+
Acids

4. Properties of Acids Sour flavor
Many corrosive- destroy body tissue, clothing; many also poisonous
Indicator- changes color in presence of an acid
Ex. Litmus paper
React with some metals to produce hydrogen gas
2HCL + Zn -> H2 + ZnCl2
Conduct electric current
Properties of Acids

5. Uses of Acids Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Hydrochloric acid
Most widely made chemical in the world
Used to make paper, paint, detergents, fertilizer
Nitric acid
Used to make fertilizer, rubber, & plastics
Hydrochloric acid
Used to make metals from their ores, to keep swimming pools free of algae, aids stomach in digestion, etch glass
Citric & ascorbic acid
Vitamin C, found in orange juice
Carbonic & phosphoric acid
Help give taste to soft drinks
Uses of Acids

6. Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ion, OH-, when dissolved in water
Ex. Sodium hydroxide breaks apart to form sodium ions and hydroxide ions
NaOH -> Na+ + OH-
Bases

8. Properties of Bases Bitter flavor & slippery feel Many corrosive
Indicators- changes color in presence of a base
Conduct electric current
Properties of Bases

9. Uses of Bases Soaps Bleach & detergent Baking soda Sodium hydroxide
Used to make soap, paper, oven cleaner, drain unclogger
Calcium hydroxide
Used to make cement and plaster
Ammonia
Used in household cleaners & fertilizer
Magnesium hydroxide & aluminum hydroxide
Used in antacids
Uses of Bases

10. Strength Strength not equal to concentration
Concentration- amount of acid or base dissolved in water
Strength- depends on # of molecules that break apart when dissolved in water
Strength

11. Acid molecules break apart when dissolved in water producing hydrogen ions
If all the molecules break apart, then strong acid
Ex. Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, & hydrochloric acid
If only a few molecules break apart, then weak acid
Ex. Acetic acid, citric acid, & carbonic acid
Strong vs. Weak Acids

12. If all molecules of a base break apart in water, producing hydroxide ions, then the base is strong.
Ex. Sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, & potassium hydroxide
If only a few molecules break apart, then the base is weak
Ex. Ammonium hydroxide & aluminum hydroxide
Strong vs. Weak Bases

14. Reaction between acids & bases is a neutralization reaction
Hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to form water
H+ + OH- -> H2O
Other ions from acid base solution dissolve in water & join together if water evaporates to form a compound of salt
Neutralization

15. pH scale Used to identify how acidic or basic a solution is
pH is a measure of hydronium ion concentration
Water is neutral- pH 7
Acids- pH less than 7
Bases- pH greater than 7
pH scale

17. Salts When an acid neutralizes a base, salt & water are produced
Salt- ionic compound formed from positive ion of base & negative ion of acid
Ex. Sodium chloride- table salt
Sodium nitrate- used to preserve food
Calcium sulfate- used to make wallboard
10.4
Salts

18. Use the following terms to create a concept map comparing properties of acids & bases
Neutral
Base
pH value greater than 7
pH value less than 7
Salt
Hydroxide ions
Neutralize
Hydrogen ions
Concept Map