1. Chapter 4 Caring for Children With Special Medical Conditions ©2015 Cengage Learning.

2. What is Inclusive Education? Inclusive education: –Is a philosophy and practice whereby children of all abilities are included and integrated in the ______ classroom. –Reflects fundamental objectives outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA). –Builds on children’s strengths, addresses their limitations, and promotes ______.

3. Why Early Identification & Intervention? Early identification of children’s health conditions requires: –A basic understanding of children’s development and common health _____. –An awareness of high-risk child populations. –Knowledge of information and service resources that can assist schools in addressing children’s special ______ _______ needs.

4. Childhood Allergy Facts Thirteen percent of children who experience respiratory allergies are non-Hispanic white children; ____ percent are non-Hispanic black children; ___ percent are Hispanic children. Children living in the South are more likely to have respiratory allergies. Children who have poor or ______ health are _______ times more likely to develop respiratory allergies.

5. Childhood Allergies Are hereditary Are not _____ Are classified according to the allergen or substance that ______ a reaction Cannot be cured— treatment is aimed at reducing _______ and controlling the reactive symptoms

6. Childhood Allergies The most common form of allergic response affects the respiratory system. Watch the video to learn more about allergies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000812.htm

7. Childhood Allergies Allergies can affect children’s behavior and interest in learning and, therefore, must be identified and treated. Teachers play an important role in observing children for signs of possible allergies. –What indicators might a teacher observe? –What foods are common causes of allergies?

8. Facts about Childhood Asthma One in every 11 U.S. children younger than 18 years has been diagnosed with asthma (CDC, 2012). Boys and non-Hispanic black children experience the ______ asthma rates. Children who are in poor health and/or living in poverty are _____ times more likely to be diagnosed with asthma.

9. Childhood Asthma

10. Has a strong hereditary predisposition Affects twice as many boys Is often seen in children who also have __________ allergies. Is increasing and thought to be related to environmental factors such as airborne allergens, ________ smoke, chemicals, and early _________ practices among others.

11. Childhood Asthma Acute attacks make it difficult for the child to breathe and may be triggered by a variety of factors (e.g., exposure to airborne _________, temperature changes, _____, infections).

12. Childhood Asthma Treatment is aimed at preventing acute attacks, controlling ________, and relieving symptoms. What measures must a teacher take if a child begins to have an asthma attack?

13. Anemia A blood disorder that reduces the number and ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body’s tissues. –What factors may cause this condition to develop? –What children are at high-risk for developing anemia? –What signs would a teacher be likely to observe?

14. Childhood Cancers Although cancers are the leading cause of childhood death from disease, they are still quite rare. Only 1-2 children per ___,000 will develop cancer in a given year. Improved diagnosis and _________ have increased the number of children who are able to return to school.

15. Facts about Diabetes Approximately 1 in every 400 to 600 children has type 1 diabetes. Approximately 30 to ___ percent of children under age ___ are currently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (often associated with being overweight or ______). American Indian, African American, Mexican American, and Pacific Islander youth are at _______ risk for developing diabetes.

16. Diabetes Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to reduce the risk of long-term health complications. –What are the early signs of diabetes? ______ management is important. Dietary intake and _______ activity levels must be monitored carefully.

17. Facts about Lead Poisoning Non-Hispanic black children are more likely than other children to have _________ blood lead levels. Children 2 to _ years-of-age are at greatest risk for developing lead poisoning. Why are these two groups at increased risk?

18. Lead Poisoning The incidence of lead poisoning has been steadily _______ as sources have been identified and eliminated. –What are the most common sources of environmental lead? Elevated blood lead levels cause a variety of _______ symptoms as well as learning and ________ problems.

19. Facts about Seizure Disorders Approximately 2 million people in the United States (about 1 in 100) have experienced a seizure or been diagnosed with a seizure disorder; 300,000 are children under ___ years. Children who have a neurological or genetic disorder, such as cerebral palsy, _____ alcohol syndrome, or Down syndrome, are at ______ risk of also experiencing seizures.

20. Management of Seizures Most seizures last less than ___ minutes. Call immediately for emergency medical assistance if: –the seizure lasts longer than ___ minutes –the child has difficulty ______ or no known history of seizures. Observe the child closely for breathing. Roll to a recovery position when the seizure ends. (See Chapter 9 for additional emergency management procedures).

21. ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Class Discussion Questions 1.Divide into small groups. Each group should develop a case study to illustrate one of the chronic health conditions described in this chapter. The case study should include a description of the condition—its cause, symptoms, effects on the child and family, and classroom strategies for ensuring the child’s successful inclusion. Have groups take turns reading, critiquing, and discussing each other’s case studies. 3. Discuss factors that may be contributing to an increased incidence of childhood allergies and asthma. 4. Explain how a child’s environment may contribute to the development and progression of chronic health conditions. As a group:

22. Chapter 5 The Infectious Process and Environmental Control ©2015 Cengage Learning.

23. What Makes an Illness Communicable? Three components are required for an illness to be communicable: –Pathogen –Susceptible host or individual –Method of ________

24. What Makes an Illness Communicable? Pathogen Method of Transmission Susceptible Host

25. Controlling Infectious Illness Understanding how the 3 components interact to cause an illness to be communicable is __________ for limiting their spread. Teachers have an ethical and __________ responsibility to protect the wellness of all children in a group setting.

26. How are Illnesses Transmitted? Pathogens or organisms (e.g., viruses, parasites, bacteria, fungi) can be transmitted in several ways: –Airborne –Fecal-oral –______ contact –_______ contact What are some examples of illnesses that are transmitted via each of these methods?

27. Stages of an Infectious Illness Describe what typically occurs during each of these stages: –_________ –Prodromal –_______ –Convalescence

28. Infection Control Measures Ongoing teacher observations provide early clues about a child’s changing state of health. Policies should be in place and address a variety of protective measures such as exclusion guidelines, ______ procedures, diapering procedures, food ________, and hand washing.

29. Infection Control Measures Immunizations should be current and ________ for children and teachers.

30. Infection Control Measures Environmental measures must be implemented and include: –Universal infection control precautions for handling body fluids (e.g. blood, feces, vomited matter) and __________ (Teacher Checklist 5-2)

31. Infection Control Measures Environmental measures also include practicing correct handwashing technique and washing hands at appropriate times (Teacher Checklist 5-3) Click on link and watch the CDC’s “Hands Together” hand washing video: http://www.cdc.gov/CDCTV/HandsToge ther/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/CDCTV/HandsToge ther/index.html

32. Environmental measures also include: –Cleaning and ________ eating and food preparation areas, bathrooms, diapering tables, toys, and equipment (Teacher Checklist 5-4). –________ rooms to minimize extended periods of close contact. Infection Control Measures

33. Environmental measures also include –Maintaining comfortable room temperatures; opening doors and windows for _______ air. –Taking special precautions with _____boxes, pools, and ____ tables. Teaching children, teachers, and families about infectious illness and effective ______ measures. Infection Control Measures

34. Caring for Mildly Ill Children Factors to consider: –Is the illness highly contagious? –Will other children be placed at risk? –Does the child feel well enough to participate? –Does the child’s illness place them at greater risk of catching something else? –Can teachers meet the child’s needs as well as those of other children in attendance?

35. As a group: 2. What early signs would you be likely to observe in a child who was coming down with a respiratory virus? 3. Discuss specific practices that teachers can use in their classrooms to limit the spread of illnesses transmitted via: a. the respiratory tract b. the fecal-oral route c. skin conditions d. contaminated objects such as toys, towels, or changing mats 4. Discuss when and how universal precautions should be implemented in the classroom. 5.What special accommodations would be necessary if a program wanted to allow mildly ill children to remain onsite? ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Class Discussion Questions

36. Chapter 6 Childhood Illnesses: Identification and Management ©2015 Cengage Learning.

37. Early Signs of Illness Teachers should be familiar with the characteristic signs of _______ childhood communicable illnesses. Recognizing the _____ signs provides an effective method for limiting the spread of communicable illnesses to other children and adults.

38. Airborne-Transmitted Illnesses What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled? Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1): –Chicken pox –Colds –Fifth disease –Haemophilus influenza (Hib) –Measles –Meningitis

39. Airborne-Transmitted Illnesses (continued) –Mononucleosis –Mumps –Roseola (Sixth disease) –Strep throat –Tuberculosis –Whooping cough

40. Blood Borne-Transmitted Illnesses What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled? Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1): –Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); acquired immunodeficiency disorder syndrome (AIDS) –Hepatitis B

41. Contact (Direct, Indirect)-Transmitted Illnesses What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled? Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1): –Pinkeye (conjunctivitis) –Cytomegalovirus (CMV) –Hand-foot-mouth disease –Herpes simplex (cold sores) –Impetigo –Head lice

42. Contact (Direct, Indirect)-Transmitted Illnesses What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled? Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1): –Ringworm –Rocky Mountain spotted fever –Scabies –Tetanus

43. Fecal-Oral-Transmitted Illnesses What signs do each of these illnesses present and how can the illness be controlled? Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1): –Shigellosis − Hepatitis A –E. coli − Pinworms –Encephalitis − Salmonella –Giardiasis − Campylobacter

44. Diarrhea It is important to distinguish between noninfectious and ___________ causes of diarrhea. Diarrhea can be a serious condition in infants and toddlers, especially if it is excessive or prolonged. –Why? –What signs are important to observe? –What action should a teacher take?

45. Earaches Earaches are common, especially in ____ younger than _____ or four –The incidence gradually decreases with age Earaches are often associated with allergies, colds, _______ position (infants), and/or foreign objects in the ear. –What is otitis media? –What are the signs?

46. Lyme Disease Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection that is becoming increasingly more common in the United States and Canada. Prevention is the best method of defense: –Wearing protective _________ –Using DEET insecticide repellants –Bathing, and inspecting the skin after playing outdoors –Removing _____ quickly and carefully

47. Consider this… Why might some families knowingly bring an ill child to school? How would you handle this situation as a teacher, especially if it is a recurring problem?

48. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Approximately 2,200 infants die each year. SIDS is the leading cause of death among infants between 1 and ____ months of age. Male infants are at highest risk (____ percent) for developing SIDS.

49. SIDS A specific cause has not been identified, but certain factors are known to increase the risk, including: –Sleeping position (an infant must always sleep on his/her back) –Lack of ________ prenatal care –Smoking, drinking _______, or using drugs during pregnancy –Exposure to secondhand ________ –Respiratory infections –Premature birth (before ____ weeks) –Being born to a __________ mother –Soft bedding (e.g., blankets, bumper pads, mattress)

50. Measures to Prevent SIDS The CDC’s Back-to-Sleep campaign teaches families and care providers to _______ put infants to sleep on their back and in their own bed.

51. Additional Measures to Prevent SIDS Mothers are urged to get prenatal care and avoid harmful substances ________ pregnancy. Breast-feeding offers infants some protection. Soft bedding (e.g., pillows, blankets, toys) must be removed from baby’s bed to prevent _____________. Avoid dressing infants too _________.

52. Class Discussion Questions 1. Discuss what a teacher should do in each of the following situations: a. You have just finished serving lunch to the children, when Kara begins to vomit. b. The class is involved in a game of keep-away. Theo suddenly complains of feeling dizzy. c. During check-in, a parent mentions that his son has been experiencing stomachaches every morning before coming to school. d. Lucy wakes up from her afternoon nap crying and is holding her ear. e. You have just changed a toddler’s diaper for the third time in the last hour because of diarrhea. f. Chris enters the classroom sneezing and blowing his nose. g. While you are helping Jasmine put on her coat to go outdoors, you notice that her skin feels very warm. h. Randy refuses to eat his lunch because it makes his teeth hurt. i. While you are cleaning up the blocks, Sean tells you that his throat is sore and it hurts to swallow. j. You have just taken Monique’s temperature (orally) and it is 102°F. k. Your assistant teacher mentions that his son has chickenpox and that he has never had it. 2. The concepts of illness and pain are often viewed differently by various cultural groups. Select two or three predominant cultures and research their beliefs about illness, pain, and traditional medicine. How might these differences in cultural values and beliefs influence your response in each of the situations described in Question #1? As a group: