1. Warm Up Take out: Lesson Quiz 14-2 & Concept Map 14-3 Take both worksheets from the table.

2. Diabetes and Arthritis LESSON 4, CHAPTER 14

3. What is Diabetes? Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes: a disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy. Your body breaks down the food you eat to get the energy it contains. To do so, it turns food into a form of sugar called glucose. Your body then uses the glucose for energy. After your body digests food, glucose levels in the bloodstream rise. Some of the glucose begins to enter cells with the help of a hormone in your body called insulin.

4. What is Diabetes? Insulin: a protein made in the pancreas that regulates the level of glucose in the blood. Some people who have diabetes do not have enough natural insulin…as a result, glucose cannot get into cells. Other people make enough insulin, but the insulin does not do its job properly. *in both cases, the glucose remains in the blood. If left unmanaged, diabetes can cause diseases such as: kidney disorders, blindness, heart disease

5. What is Diabetes? There are two main types of diabetes. Type 1 Type 2 Most often begins in childhood Can sometimes begin in adulthood Researchers believe the body’s immune system attacks and kills the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Without insulin, the body cannot control how much glucose is in the bloodstream Between 5 and 10% have Type 1 Most often begins in adulthood *however, it occurs more and more in today’s children and teens…why?? Closely linked to poor food choices, lack of physical activity, and being overweight Between 90-95% of people with diabetes have type 2 * Children and teens who are very overweight are at a higher risk of developing diabetes.

6. Managing Diabetes All people with diabetes must deal with it as part of their daily lives. People with Type 1: usually need to have injections of insulin or receive insulin from an insulin pump attached to their bodies Young people who have type 1 can learn to take charge of their health. (see list below) People with Type 2: May also need insulin or other medications Many, however, can control their disease by practicing healthful habits Eating nutritious foods Watch their weight / weight management Be active Medical car

7. What is Arthritis? Arthritis: a disease of the joints marked by painful swelling and stiffness. There are two main types of arthritis: OsteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis: a chronic disease that is common in older adults and results from a breakdown in cartilage in the joints. (*most common form of arthritis) Develops as a result of wear and tear on the joints (ex…knees and hips) Cartilage in the joint wears down and the bones rub against each other…causes pain, swelling, morning stiffness Risk factors include: age, genetic factors, extra weight Rheumatoid arthritis: a chronic disease characterized by pain, inflammation, swelling, and stiffness of the joints. (usually more serious and disabling than osteoarthritis) Develops when people’s immune systems attack health joint tissue These attacks damage joint tissue and cause swelling Can effect any joint (hands, elbows, shoulders, hips, feet) Symptoms include soreness, joint stiffness, pain, aches, fatigue

8. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) *Most common form of arthritis in young people. Appears most often in young people between the ages of 6 months and 16 years. Early symptoms include swelling and pain in the joints The skin covering the joints may be red and warm to the touch Children with JRA also typically get rashes and high fevers Many children also continue to have arthritis as adults Some, however, get better after puberty

9. Managing Arthritis Physical activity and rest = balance rest with low-impact physical activities Maintain a healthy weight = reduces stress on arthritic joints in the knees and feet Joint protection = wear braces to support joints Heat and cold treatments = heat…eases the pain / cold…helps reduce the swelling Medication = slow progress of some arthritis (OTC and prescription can also ease pain and swelling) Massage = helps relax the joints and increase blood flow to sore areas Surgery and joint replacement = repair or replace damaged joints with artificial one.