1. Purcell 1

2. Learning Objectives  To study the background of the baroque solo concerto and place the Purcell trumpet sonata in context

3. Baroque Music  Affection : instrumental pieces express a single mood. But some vocal music might not, in response to the text  Rhythmic continuity : the same sorts of rhythms tend to be used throughout a piece  Melody : themes are repeated and developed, often by sequence. Melodies heavily ornamented  Dynamics : not usually indicated, and if so usually only forte or piano, not crescendo or diminuendo. Terraced dynamics  Texture : often highly polyphonic with much imitation

4. Baroque Music 2  Harmony : chords and functional harmony become important. The bass part is now much more important  Basso continuo : a new section of the orchestra whose function is to play the bass line and the chords  Cello/Violone playing bass line  Harpsichord/Organ playing figured bass  Sometimes also double bass, bassoon  Word-painting : standard conventions e.g. falling chromatic scale = grief

5. Baroque Orchestra  Strings: 1 st & 2 nd violins, violas  Basso continuo: cellos (and double bass and bassoon), harpsichord (and/or organ)  Sometimes recorders, flutes, oboes, horns, trombones  For very festive music trumpets, timpani  Quite flexible, instruments can still occasionally be substituted (e.g. flute for oboe)  Small: usually 10-20 players

6. Bach: Brandenburg Concerto no. 2  Instruments  Affection  Rhythm  Melody  Sequence  Ornamentation  Dynamics  Texture  Harmony

7. Trumpets  Usually extremely high  What notes do they play in the octave above middle C? The Harmonic Series Transpose this into D major

8. Compare and contrast  What are the main similarities and differences between the Bach and the Purcell?  Instruments  Affection  Rhythm  Melody  Sequence  Ornamentation  Dynamics  Texture  Harmony

9. Prep  Identify the keys and cadences at:  3-4  6-7  10-11  13-14  18-19  28-29