1. Egypt Connor Stirling Keith Durkin

2. Grabber  Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra VII, was married to the great emperor of the Roman Empire, Julius Caesar, but had an affair with one of his close friends and commander in his army, Mark Antony. Caesar later captured them both and they committed suicide together. Cleopatra VII Julius Caesar Mark Antony

3. Thesis  The location of Egypt, being between the Middle East and Africa, made it a land that was passed through by many various empires, and therefore was under the control of many different rulers. The Nile and later, the Suez Canal, made it a sought after area and contributed to its remarkably diverse history, while still allowing the current population to retain a proud Egyptian identity.

4. Overview  Keith- Thesis  Connor- Grabber/Finisher  Connor- Ancient Egypt  Keith- Greeks Rule  Connor- Roman Rule  Connor- Islamic Kingdom  Connor- Ottoman  Keith- British Rule  Keith- Modern Egypt  Keith- Conclusion

5. Location

6. Ancient Egypt  Religion- practiced polytheism  Polytheism- Belief in multiple Gods  Fearful of Gods- offering ceremonies  Strict religious beliefs- a need to please Gods A gift to the Gods

7. Ancient Egypt  Trade: Exported- grain, linen, papyrus, and glass.  Imported: gold, incense, timber, wild animals, ivory, tin, olive oil and copper.  Traded with neighboring tribes, Greece, around the mediterranean Trading with other tribes

8. Ancient Egypt  The Nile: Rich and fertile soil allowed for use of irrigation and agriculture.  Dependent upon the Nile’s cycle:  Flooding (akhet), June- September, soil becomes rich with silt  Planting (peret), October-February, irrigated with canals  Harvesting (shemu), March- May, gather crops.

9. Hellenistic Greeks Rule  Alexander the Great  Conquered Egypt 332 BC

10. Roman Empire Rule  Julius Ceaser  117 AD at its peak  Around 50 AD Roman Rule

11. Islamic Kingdoms  Also known as “Medieval Egypt”  Invasion in 639 AD Islamic Kingdom borders

12. Islamic Kingdoms  Religions in Egypt  Christianity from the Roman rule  Spread of Islam and Muslim with Islamic Kingdoms and Ottoman Spread of Islam

13. Ottoman Empire  1299- 1923  Conquered Egypt in 1517 Ottoman Empire

14.  High success in there society due to “millets”  Millets-major religious group that were allowed to establish their own communities under Ottoman rule Millets in Ottoman Empire

15. Ottoman Empire  Major slave trade and use of slaves  But because of the millets and groups ability for personal law it gave them great success. Slave trade in northern Africa

16. British Takeover  1860s- 1954  The British had been ruling Egypt indirectly for years, and decided that they were done with semi-controlling the country.  The main reason that the British wanted Egypt was because of the Suez Canal. The use of the Suez Canal

17. British Takeover  Suez Canal- connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea.  Was built in a partnership between Egypt and France, construction began April, 1859, ended November, 1869.  1875, Egypt sold its share of the canal to Britain.  This gave the British a greater determination to control the canal. A close-up of the Suez Canal

18. British Takeover  The British took the Suez canal after landing on both sides in August, 1882.  Shortly after, in September, the British officially took control of Egypt after defeating their army in the Battle of Tel El Kebir. A scene of the battle of Tel El Kebir

19. British Takeover  Almost all of Egyptian exports went to Britain.  1914- 90% of Egypt's exports were cotton. Egyptian Cotton Plant

20. Independence from Britain  The United Kingdom of Great Britain issued the Declaration of Egyptian Independence on February 28, 1922.  Although, British military presence in Egypt did not cease until 1954. The Egyptian Flag

21. Modern Egypt  1954- Present day  Following the 1952 Revolution that overthrew King Farouk, on June 18, 1953 Egypt was declared a Republic.  Republic- A type of government in which the leader is not a monarch.  General Muhammad Naguib was elected first President, but was later forced to resign when Gamal Abdel Nasser, the true leader of the revolution was selected to replace him. Gamal Abdel Nasser

22. Modern Egypt  Anwar El Sadat, acted as president from September, 1970, until he was assassinated, in October of 1981.  Sufi Abu Taleb, served as president for eight days, until Hosni Mubarak was appointed president on October 14, 1981. Anwar El Sadat Sufi Abu Taleb

23. Modern Egypt  Hosni Mubarak came to power on October 14, 1981 and has recently been facing millions of protester in the 2011 Revolution  In the Revolution, millions of protesters gathered and demanded the resignation of Mubarak, the President refused.  This showed protesters that he would basically resign when he was good and ready. Hosni Mubarak Protesters demand Mubarak’s Resignation

24. Modern Egypt  Hosni Mubarak officially resigned on February 11, 2011.  The former President was tried for the premeditated deaths of protesters in the 2011 Revolution.  The trial began in December 2011, and ended in January of 2012. Mubarak’s defense was that he never resigned as president, and therefore had immunity.  Mubarak was given surgery for what thought to be esophageal cancer, but his heart may have stopped during the procedure. Mubarak is taken to his trial on a stretcher

25. Modern Egypt  Following Mubarak’s resignation, control of the country was given to the Military. This makes Mohamed Hussein Tantawi the current leader of Egypt. Mohamed Hussein Tantawi

26. Conclusion  Throughout its time, Egypt has been occupied by many different rulers, including the Islamic Kingdoms, the Ottoman Empire, the British, and even their own President. After years of struggling for independence from the British, they received their goal in 1922, recently overthrew their former leader Hosni Mubarak, and are awaiting what will come next.

27. Quiz  Who were the two men that Cleopatra VII had affairs with?

28. Quiz: Answer  Mark Antony and Julius Caesar

29. Quiz  What are the three seasons for the cycle of the Nile?

30. Quiz: Answer  Flooding  Planting  Harvesting

31. Quiz  What great kingdom conquered Egypt with Alexander the Great?

32. Quiz: Answer  Hellenistic Kingdom

33. Quiz  What was the canal that connects the Mediterranean to the Red Sea?

34. Quiz: Answer  Suez Canal

35. Quiz  Who was the President of Egypt that resigned in February of 2011?

36. Quiz: Answer  Hosni Mubarak

37. Finisher  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdtgX9ORiW4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdtgX9ORiW4

38. Bibliography  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medieval_Egypt http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medieval_Egypt  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#Republic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt#Republic  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_el-Kebir http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_el-Kebir  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution