2. Unit 2 Greece, Rome, Byzantium

3. Monday August 22 nd “For we alone regard the man who takes no part in public affairs, not as one who minds his own business, but as a good for nothing” Thucydides

4. The Modern Mediterranean The Iberian Peninsula Peninsula The Balkan Peninsula Peninsula The Italian Peninsula Peninsula

5. The Ancient Mediterranean Fertile Crescent Empires AncientEgypt AncientGreece Island of Crete

6. Topographic Map of Greece

7. Ancient Greece The Peloponnesus The Mainland

8. The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

9. Small city-states developed.Small city-states developed. Prevented Greek unityPrevented Greek unity The Greeks were strong and enduring due to the rugged terrain and lifestyleThe Greeks were strong and enduring due to the rugged terrain and lifestyle Mountains: Cover most of Northern Greece Enclose small fertile valleys where limited farming and herding was possibleEnclose small fertile valleys where limited farming and herding was possible Isolated Greek communitiesIsolated Greek communities Effects: The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

11. Four Characteristics of a Greek Polis: City-state - A city and the surrounding land under its control Polis - A Greek city-state  Small size - usually 50-500 square miles.  Small population - Usually 5000 - 10,000 people.  Acropolis - An elevated area of the city. Served as a religious and government center.  Agora - A market place. Public meeting place. The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

12. The Acropolis in Athens

13. The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece The Athenian Agora

14. The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

15. Many Greeks turned to the sea and became merchants, traders, sailors, and fishermenMany Greeks turned to the sea and became merchants, traders, sailors, and fishermen Ideas spread easily and promoted cultural diffusionIdeas spread easily and promoted cultural diffusion Seas: Surround Greece and islands The Mediterranean borders three continents and allowed Greek contact with other civilizationsThe Mediterranean borders three continents and allowed Greek contact with other civilizations The Greek mainland had long coastlines and an abundance of deep natural harbors.The Greek mainland had long coastlines and an abundance of deep natural harbors. Effects: The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

16. Greeks spent most of their time outdoors and were very socialGreeks spent most of their time outdoors and were very social They exchanged ideas openly as they worked and socialized.They exchanged ideas openly as they worked and socialized. Most free time was spent in the Agora.Most free time was spent in the Agora. Climate: Mediterranean Climate Hot dry summers with little rain.Hot dry summers with little rain. Mild wet wintersMild wet winters Rivers run dry. No major rivers.Rivers run dry. No major rivers. Temperatures range from 48-80 degrees FTemperatures range from 48-80 degrees F Effects: The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

17. The Greeks were forced to turn to the sea to supplement food supply.The Greeks were forced to turn to the sea to supplement food supply. They traded for grains from the middle east.They traded for grains from the middle east. Primary exports were wine, olive oil, and manufactured goods.Primary exports were wine, olive oil, and manufactured goods. Soil and Vegetation: Soil is rocky and poor in fertility producing only one crop every two years.Soil is rocky and poor in fertility producing only one crop every two years. Vegetation consisted mostly of fruit and olive trees and grape vines.Vegetation consisted mostly of fruit and olive trees and grape vines. Effects: The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

18. Common Characteristics of all Greeks:  Common language  Common religion  Common festivals (Olympics)  Common management of temples Factors Preventing Greeks Unity:  Geography  Distrust  Differing customs  Fierce spirit of independence The Role of Geography in Ancient Greece

19. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) Pupil of Plato Pupil of Plato Trained in Medicine Trained in Medicine First to classify plants & animals First to classify plants & animals Developed final steps in scientific method (Hypothesis and Test) Developed final steps in scientific method (Hypothesis and Test) Tutored Alexander the Great Tutored Alexander the Great PlatoAristotle