1. Brain & Behavior อ. พญ. ปุณย์จารี วิริยโกศล ภาควิชาจิตเวชศาสตร์ คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่

2. Cerebral Hemisphere https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/LobesCaptsLateral.png

3. Frontal lobe 3

4. Prefrontal areas are 33% of cerebral cortical surface in humans (Goldman-Rakic,1984)

5. http://internationalschoolparent.com/wp-content/uploads/positive-psychology01.png

6. Functions Execution of motor movements (primary motor cortex) Selection of motor movements (premotor cortex) Executive Functions: planning, task persistence, ignoring distracting stimuli, working memory (prefrontal cortex) Alberto J. Michael H. (2012) Frontal Lobe Syndromes [cited 2014 April 27]. Available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1135866- overview 6

7. Primary Motor Cortex/ Precentral Gyrus Broca’s Area Orbitofrontal Cortex Olfactory Bulb Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

9. Primary Motor Cortex http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI_278/Other/Teaching%20examples/biomed- 370/slides/Frontal.ppt 9 Input : ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, primary somatosensory area in parietal lobe Output to internal capsule Pyramidal motor functions Flacid hemiparesis or hemiplegia on contralateral side Later spastic hemiparesis or hemiplegia

10. Premotor cortex http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI_278/Other/Teaching%20examples/biomed- 370/slides/Frontal.ppt 10 Input : ventral anterior thalamic nucleus Output : motor area and corpus callosum to contralat. premotor area Integration of sensory and motor information Praxis Apraxia Preserved postural praxis via basal ganglia Contralateral fine motor deficits Difficulty using sensory feedback

11. Frontal eye field http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI_278/Other/Teaching%20examples/biomed- 370/slides/Frontal.ppt 11 Volitional eye movement in contralateral visual field Active visual search Failure to move eyes volitionally to contralateral visual field Intact passive eye movement Poor visual search

12. Dorsolateral PFC Executive functions –Integration of multimodal sensory information –Generation of multiple response alternatives –Selection of appropriate response –Maintenance of set, persistence –Set shifting, flexibility –Spatial working memory http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI_278/Other/Teaching%20examples/biomed- 370/slides/Frontal.ppt 12 Difficulty integrating sensory information Generation of few, stereotyped response alternatives Poor judgment in response Perseveration

13. Orbitofrontal http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI_278/Other/Teaching%20examples/biomed- 370/slides/Frontal.ppt 13 Input : limbic and olfactory systems ventral visual pathways Output : autonomic musculature and endocrine system Modulation of affective social behavior Working memory Integration of memory and emotional valence Smell discrimination Disinhibition, socially inappropriate behavior Failure on feature working memory tasks Anosmia Confabulation

14. Phineas gage

15. Temporal lobe 15

16. Function ▸ Visual Memories ▸ Processing Sensory Input ▸ Language Recognition ▸ New Memories

17. http://nebula.wsimg.com/93c8b213a2d35ca282face7c407492a6?AccessKeyId=9 6A6CF2AC326B8BC1286&disposition=0&alloworigin=1

18. Kluver-Bucy syndrome Hyperphagia Hyper sexuality Hyper metamorphosis Placidity

19. Parietal lobe 19

20. Function ▸ Two point discrimination ▸ Touch Localization ▸ Reading, interpret words ▸ Perform complex movements ▸ Visuospatial orientation

21. Primary Somatosensory Cortex/ Postcentral Gyrus Primary Gustatory Cortex Somatosensory Association Cortex Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

22. Gerstmann syndrome ▸ Acalculia ▸ Alexia ▸ Finger agnosia ▸ Left-Right confusion ▸ https://youtu.be/GLJdcmSIoNQ

23. Occipital lobe 23

24. Function ▸ Primary Visual Cortex https://revfrost.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/visual-pathway.jpg

25. Primary Visual Cortex Visual Association Area Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

27. HELLO! I am Jayden Smith Diencephalon

28. http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/thalamus.jpg “Hub of Information”

29. http://willcov.com/bio-consciousness/diagrams/Hypothalamus%20nuclei_files/image295.jpg

30. Let’s start with the first set of slides Cerebellum

31. Function ▸ Cognitive Function ▸ Motor control ▸ Classical conditioning

32. Brain Stem Pathways Sensory pathway Motor pathway Cranial nerves III – XII Cardiovascular control Respiratory control Alertness Vomiting Brain Reward Circuit

33. Brain & Language ▸ Wernicke’s area ▸ Broca’s area ▸ Arcuate

34. Brain & Language  Aphasia impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere Broca’s area (impairing speaking) Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding) Broca  Expression Wernicke  Comprehension

35. Primary Auditory Cortex Wernicke's Area Primary Olfactory Cortex (Deep) Conducted from Olfactory Bulb Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

36. Brain & Learning/Memory

37. Memory Declarative (Explicit) Semantic Episodic Non Declarative(Implicit) Emotional Response Skills and Habits Reflex Hippocampus, Medial Temporal Lobe Amygdala Supplementary motor area Cerebellum Basal ganglia

38. Brain & Emotions

39. ▸อารมณ์พื้นฐาน : กลัว โกรธ เกลียด สนุก  Limbic System ▸อารมณ์ที่ซับซ้อน : อิจฉา รู้สึกผิด ภาคภูมิใจ สงบสุข  PFC, anterior cingulate cortex

40. Limbic System Dentate gyrus https://beyondthedish.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/dentate-gyrus1.jpg Amygdala Hippocampus Parahippocampal gyrus Cingulate gyrus Thalamus Hypothalamus

41. Brain & Social Behavior https://neuroexpression.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/desktop11.jpg

42. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00004/full

43. Click the Region to see its Name Korbinian Broadmann - Learn about the man who divided the Cerebral Cortex into 52 distinct regions: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Brodmann http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Brodmann Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpg

44. References and Credits ▸ https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal- overview.html https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal- overview.html ▸ outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/teachers/Summer05/EthanBlanch ette/Human_brain.ppt ▸ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival