1. Civil War

2. Reasons for the Civil War Northerners Opposed states’ rights Favored nationalism Against the expansion of slavery Favored a protective tariff to protect its early industries Southerners Supported states’ rights Favored sectionalism Supported the continuation of slavery Opposed a protective tariff due to higher priced manufactured goods (imported)

3. Factors Impacting the Civil War The southern economy differed greatly from the Union’s economy The Union enjoyed a numerical and industrial superiority that proved too difficult for the Confederacy to overcome The war lasted 4 years taking the lives of 821,000 American soldiers * See comparison chart provided by the teacher

4. Lincoln’s Emergency Powers Lincoln increased the executive powers due to the national crisis of the Civil War He suspended the right of habeas corpus in some states throughout the war (the Constitution allows this in times of emergency) Habeas corpus – refers to the right of those imprisoned to be informed of the charges against them; a judge determines if the prisoner is being legally held in custody

5. Confederate sympathizers (northerners who opposed Lincoln’s effort to keep the Union together) could be held without trial and without a judge’s ruling Over 13,000 Confederate sympathizers were arrested in the Union

6. Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln was waiting on a Union victory to issue this proclamation which would change the entire purpose of the war It stated that all slaves in the areas in rebellion to the U.S. would be free as of Jan. 1, 1863 It did not free any of the slaves but did lead to the passing of the 13 th Amendment which did outlaw slavery in the U.S.

7. Purpose of Emancipation Proclamation To encourage slaves to flee to the north during the war (Lincoln knew that fewer Confederate soldiers would serve in the war if their labor source disappeared and agricultural production would decline) To weaken the Confederate war effort To strengthen the Union goals in the Civil War by turning the war into an effort to abolish slavery (a new Union goal)

8. The number of runaway slaves grew forcing the southern states to devote some of its troops to keeping slaves from leaving The Union began to allow African Americans to join the army – few of them served in combat positions but more than 150,000 were used to perform many of the supporting positions freeing up more soldiers to fight This greatly increased the manpower of the Union (and helped them win the war)

9. Election of 1864 Lincoln won a close election by defeating George C. McClellan The fall of Atlanta provided evidence that the Union was nearing a victory in the war When Lincoln won, the Confederates knew they had lost Lincoln was not going to compromise with the southern states and they could not last another four years of military combat

10. Key Civil War Leaders The political and military leaders of the Union and the Confederacy represented the differences in the beliefs and values of the two areas Northern leaders – believed it was illegal for the southern states to secede from the Union and viewed them as outlaws not citizens of another country Southern leaders – put loyalty to their home state above everything else and fought for the protection of their homes and property (some did not support secession) * See Key Leaders chart provided by the teacher

11. Key Battles of the Civil War ANTIETAM – (September, 1862) Lee attacked the Union forces at Antietam Creek (MD) in the first major battle on northern soil; deadliest one day of the war (over 26,000 casualties) It ended in a draw when Lee’s troops retreated and Union troops (who outnumbered the Confederates 2 to1) did not pursue them into Virginia; Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after this battle that Lee failed to win

12. GETTYSBURG – (April, 1863) Lee invaded PA and was attacked by the Union troops in the bloodiest battle of the war (51,000 killed); the battle lasted three days and discouraged Britain and France from helping the Confederates After this battle, Lee abandoned his plan to invade the Union territory It is considered the turning point of the war (along with Vicksburg)

13. VICKSBURG – May-July, 1863 Grant placed a siege on Vicksburg to gain control of the Mississippi River travel in that region After a 7 week siege, Vicksburg surrendered to Grant and gave control of the Mississippi River to the Union which was a major northern goal in the war It split the Confederacy and cut off some states from supplies and troops Considered the turning point in the war (with Gettysburg) Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

15. ATLANTA – July-September, 1864 During his famous “March to the Sea,” Gen. William Sherman besieged Atlanta for 6 weeks before taking control of this manufacturing and railway center for the Confederates He burned Atlanta to the ground then marched on to the Atlantic burning everything in his path The Union began to realize they were winning the war and this helped Lincoln get elected in 1864

16. Gettysburg Address November, 1863 (4 months after the battle) At a dedication service for a cemetery at Gettysburg Lincoln’s two minute speech is considered one of the greatest in the English language It helped to boost spirits of the north who had grown weary of the war and discouraged by southern numerous victories It helped to sway popular opinion in favor of preserving the Union as Lincoln spoke of the U.S. as an indivisible nation

17. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Followed Lincoln’s reelection in 1864 Union victory was certain and slavery would be abolished Lincoln –Expressed sorrow that the states had not settled their differences peacefully –Stated that slavery was such an evil that the North was right to have fought to abolish it –Urged Americans not to seek revenge on the Confederates –Recommended a lenient reconstruction of the south into the Union Lincoln said the war had been fought to preserve the Union as an indivisible nation of citizens who would no longer profit from the labor of unpaid slaves

18. Appomattox Court House Lee surrendered to Grant to end the Civil War The surrender terms were very lenient Confederates were allowed to keep their own weapons and horses and return to their homes

19. Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 – John Wilkes Booth (a Confederate sympathizer) shot Lincoln in Ford’s theater and he died shortly after It occurred just 5 days after Lee’s surrender