6. Genocide

7. What is genocide? Acts committed with intent to destroy a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, such as: (a) Killing members of the group (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm. (c) Deliberately inflicting physical destruction on the group. (d) Preventing births.

8. Origins of genocide Raphael Lemkin – Poland-Jewish lawyer who created the term genocide. Geno – Greek word for race or tribe Cide – Latin word for killing Genocide = race killing

9. Origins Continued… First used at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany 1945-46. Charge Nazi officers with Crimes against Humanity In 1948 United Nations establish genocide as international law.

10. United Nations An international organization founded to maintain international peace and security to promote social progress, better living standards and human rights.

11. What are some examples of genocide? Rwanda Bosnia Armenia Iraq Holocaust

12. Rwanda Genocide

13. Rwanda First occupied and colonized by the Germans 1894 – 1916. Took over by Belgium during WWI until 1962 when Rwanda gained its independence.

14. Two Main Ethnic Groups Hutu – 85% population Tutsi – 15% population Similarities: Speak same language. Inhabit the same areas. Same traditions. Differences: Tutsis often taller and thinner than Hutu. Tutsis have lighter skin than Hutu.

15. Under Belgian Rule Belgians passed out identity cards to classify people according to their ethnicity. Belgians considered the Tutsi to be superior. Tended to be land owners. Physical features. More “European”

16. Tutsi vs. Hutu The Hutu overthrew the Tutsi for control of Rwanda. Hutu murder around 15,000 Tutsi from 1959-1962. Around 100,000 Tutsi fled to neighboring countries. Juvénal Habyarimana became the president of Rwanda in 1973. Tutsis remaining in Rwanda were stripped of their wealth and status. 1,000,000 Tutsis fled Rwanda.

17. Rwanda Patriotic Front The Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF ) was made up of Tutsis refugees. Aimed to overthrow Hutu control. In 1990 the RPF invaded the northeast region of Rwanda. In 1993 Habyarimana accepted a peace treaty which granted the RPF a share of political power military presence. 5,000 U.N. peacekeepers were dispatched to uphold the agreement.

18. The Hutu Extremist Solution Hutu extremists devise their own solution to their “Tutsi problem” On April 6, 1994, President Habyarimana's plane was shot down by a surface-to-air missile. 1 day later Hutu militia started separating Tutsis from Hutu and killed the Tutsis with machetes.

19. Hutu Solution Continued… The Hutu not only murdered Tutsis but moderate Hutus as well. Government radio encourage Tutsis to congregate in churches or schools claiming a safe haven. This made it easier for the Hutu to murder the Tutsi. Genocide lasted for 100 days.

20. 100 Days of Killing Ends Tutsi-led RPF launched a concerted drive on Kigali bringing a halt to the genocide. July 4, 1994, Kigali fell to the RPF, and the genocide officially ended on July 18, 1994. Death toll – from 1990 – 94 over one million people lost their lives. About 1/7 of the population. 94% were Tutsi

21. Aftermath The UN established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in 1998. The first time ever that a suspect was convicted of genocide. 120,000 people were jailed on allegations of participation in the genocide. 2,500 have been tried. 300 received death sentences.