1. Unions Chapter 12 Section 4 By: Brett, Jonas, and Fernando

2. blacklist ● One of the techniques that companies used to stop workers from forming unions or strikes. ● The black list was a list of the people that were fired for try to form unions or strikes, and with this no company would hire them.

3. The Haymarket Riot ● In 1886 supporters of eight-hour workdays called for a nation wide strike on May 1 st. On this date strikes took place in many cities. ● In Chicago, the local knights of labor led a march of 80,000 people through the center of the city. Over the next couple days, 70,000 workers went to the strike. On May 3 rd, the police killed four people. After that a local anarchist group organized a meeting in Chicago's Haymarket to protest the shooting of the strikes.

4. The Haymarket Riot (continued) ● May 4 th about 3000 people went to hear the speeches, the police also went there and somebody threw a bomb that killed a police and wound 6, the police opened fire and workers shoot back 100 people got injured and seven German immigrants were arrested. ● Critics long opposed to the union movement pointed to the “Haymarket Riot” to claim that the unions were dominated by dangerous radicals. One of the arrested was a member of the knights of labor, that make their influence decline.

5. Trade union ● In 1830s as the industrialization began to spread, the craft workers formed trade unions, by 1873 there were 32 national trade unions in the US. Iron molders international union, typographical union, and the knight of St. Crispin were the largest and most successful of them all.

6. Arbitration ● Arbitration is a process in which a third party helps workers and employers reach an agreement. The Knights of Labor believed in this too and was very successful with arbitration.

7. Samuel Gompers belief about Unions and Politics ● Samuel Gompers steered away from politics and stayed focused on “pure and simple” unionism. He thought that the AFL should stay focused on wages, working hours and conditions. He was willing to strike but preferred to negotiate. He also believed in three main goals. The first main goal was to try to convince companies to recognize unions. Second, he pushed for closed shops, meaning that companies could only hire union members. Third, He promoted an eight-hour work day.

8. Essential Question ● Why did workers form unions. ● Workers formed unions because deflation started. When deflation started, prices fell, the US dollar went up, and the wages were getting cut. Workers; however, resented getting less money. Eventually, many concluded that they needed a union to bargain for them in order to get higher wages and better working conditions. ● There were two basic types of industrial worker unions in the United States in the later 1800's – craft worker and common laborer unions.

9. Essential Question (cont.) ● The Craft worker received higher wages and had more control over how they organized their time. When their wages started to get cut they started unions. Common laborers had few skills and received lower wages and didn't have the ability to organize their time as the craft workers. They eventually started their unions as well.

11. Marxism ● In 1800s Unions suffered from perception that were un-American ● Karl Marx Trier, Germany ● Idea of Marxism ● His idea was that after a revolution the government would seize all private property and create a socialist society where wealth was evenly divided. ● He wanted a Communist society without social classes