1. MOBILE IP & IP MICRO-MOBILITY SUPPORT Presented by Maheshwarnath Behary Assisted by Vishwanee Raghoonundun Koti Choudary MSc Computer Networks Middlesex University

2. OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION Definition of Mobile IP Entities & Terminology Services supported with Mobile IP Drawbacks of Mobile IP Solution to mobile IP problems Cellular IP protocol Hawaii protocol Hierarchical mobile IPv6 Conclusion Reference

3. INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE IP  Support the mobility of hosts while still remaining connected to the internet.  Mobile IP is able to track a mobile host without needing to change the mobile host's long-term IP address.  Proposed with the objective of supporting mobile users with application Layer transparency and the possibility of seamless roaming,  Mobile IP has to support security as a uthentication is performed to ensure that rights are being protected..

4. ENTITIES AND TERMINOLOGY Entities involved with Mobile IP Mobile Node (MN), Home Agent (HA), Foreign Agent (FA), Care-of-address (COA), Correspondent Node (CN), Home Address, Mobility Agent, Tunnel. COA Foreign network Internet Router FA Router HA Router MN Home network CN

5. SERVICES SUPPORTED IN MOBILE IP Agent Discovery: Newly arrived mobile nodes get registered to the foreign agents by either agent solicitation or agent advertisement. Registration: The mobile node registers its care-of- address with its home agent so that the home agent knows where to forward its packets. Encapsulation: The process of enclosing an IP datagram within another IP header which contains the care-of-address of the mobile node. This is defined as the tunnel originated from the Home agent to the Foreign agent. Decapsulation: The reverse process of encapsulation.

6. DRAWBACKS OF MOBILE IP Triangular routing problem due to indirect routing mechanism. The mobile IP is more suitable for macro-mobility, but not suitable to the micro-mobility as it induces high load on network when dealing with highly mobile users. Poor QoS in mobile IP is due to latency of handover and transmission; caused by overheads in IP- in-IP encapsulation. Poor reliability due to single home agent model.

7. SOLUTION TO MOBILE IP PROBLEMS Main target : To keep the frequent updates generated by local changes of MN away from the home network and only inform the HA about major changes. Thus leading to the minimisation of traffic & delay within the network. The above is supported by the use of micro-mobility protocols like Cellular IP, Hawaii, Hierarchical mobile IPv6.

8. CELLULAR IP PROTOCOL Advantage 1.Cellular IP is mostly self configuring and easily manageable. Disadvantages 1.Poor efficiency since multiple paths used for packet forwarding 2.Changes required from Mobile IP 3.Poor security as other user can easily give different source address to get copy of information addressed to other Mobile node from the CIPGW.

9. HANDOFF-AWARE WIRELESS ACESS INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE (HAWAII) PROTOCOL Advantages 1.Routing changes are initiated by the foreign domain’s infrastructure 2.Mostly transparent to mobile node Disadvantages 1.No provisions regarding the set up of IP tunnels 2.No private address is supported because of co- located COA

10. HIERARCHICAL MOBILE IPv6 (HMIPv6) Advantages 1.Mobile nodes can have limited location privacy since LCOA can be hidden 2.Direct routing between the CNs sharing the same link is possible Disadvantages 1.Additional infrastructure component required (MAP) 2. Routing tables are changed based on messages sent by the mobile nodes. Hence these require strong authentication against denial of service attacks.

11. CONCLUSION Centralization of security-critical functionality: -this is the main security benefit of a firewall architecture and should be preserved Mutual authentication of all instances involved: -prevent attacks using forged control messages. Transparency to mobile nodes and correspondent nodes: -any necessary extensions of mobile IP standard are hidden from mobile nodes as well as correspondent nodes.

12. References [1]Jochen Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, Second Edition, 2003 [2]http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788- 95/ftp/mobile_ip/index.html#Entities [3]A. Lasebae, “Mobile and Wireless Networks”. PEARSONCustom Publishing

13. END OF PRESENTATION THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION