1. The Articles of Confederation

2. Early Influences Magna Carta (1215) = first attempt to limit the power of the monarch Petition of Right (1628) = challenged the idea of divine right  English king was not above the law English Bill of Rights (1689) = established a limited constitutional monarchy– king could not rule w/o the consent of Parliament. Rights and liberties of the individual are protected.

3. The Articles of Confederation The Articles were written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a Penn. statesman The Articles were written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a Penn. statesman Adopted Nov. 15 th, 1777 Adopted Nov. 15 th, 1777 The Articles were approved by all 13 states in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution. The Articles were approved by all 13 states in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution.

4. The Articles of Confederation The fear of having too much power in one person’s hands reflects the experiences the colonies had under a monarchy The fear of having too much power in one person’s hands reflects the experiences the colonies had under a monarchy In the Articles, the power of the federal government (Congress) is limited. In the Articles, the power of the federal government (Congress) is limited. Power rests with the states. Power rests with the states.

5. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Congress had: Congress had: no power to raise taxes no power to raise taxes no power regulate foreign or interstate trade no power regulate foreign or interstate trade No standing army or navy No standing army or navy Congress did not have the power to enforce laws  9/13 for approval of new laws Congress did not have the power to enforce laws  9/13 for approval of new laws ALL had to consent to change existing laws ALL had to consent to change existing laws States could print own money States could print own money

6. Strengths of the Articles of Confederation Declare war and peace Declare war and peace Print/coin money Print/coin money Make treaties Make treaties Settle disputes between states Settle disputes between states o Allowed Treaty of Paris and Northwest Ordinance to be passed.

7. Strengths of the Articles of Confederation: Settling Western Lands The Land Ordinance of 1785, stated that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocks The Land Ordinance of 1785, stated that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocks The Northwest Ordinance assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territories The Northwest Ordinance assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territories 5,000 free males who own 50 acres can start govt 5,000 free males who own 50 acres can start govt Population of 60,000 could become a state Population of 60,000 could become a state

8. Settling Western lands The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West It promised It promised no slavery*** no slavery*** education education freedom of religion freedom of religion trial by jury trial by jury

9. Northwest Territory The Northwest Territory was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and part of Minnesota Wisconsin would be formed from this area.

10. Reasons for Shays’ Rebellion Farmers are required to pay debts in gold, but they have no money because they were not paid during the war. Farmers are required to pay debts in gold, but they have no money because they were not paid during the war. Wealthy lawmakers invested their money in the war too. Wealthy lawmakers invested their money in the war too. Sought to collect by taking the farms of debtors. Sought to collect by taking the farms of debtors.

11. Shays’s Rebellion Rebellions happened across the states, but was most serious in Mass. Rebellions happened across the states, but was most serious in Mass. Bad harvests, economic depression and high taxes. Bad harvests, economic depression and high taxes. Daniel Shays  leader; 4,000 men. Attempted to: Daniel Shays  leader; 4,000 men. Attempted to: Capture federal arsenal. Capture federal arsenal. Harass supporters of state gov. Harass supporters of state gov.

12. Shays’s Rebellion The Mass militia is called out to stop it The Mass militia is called out to stop it Farmers elect Congressmen who support their interests in 1791 Farmers elect Congressmen who support their interests in 1791 Shays’ Rebellion will prompt national leaders to create a stronger central government Shays’ Rebellion will prompt national leaders to create a stronger central government Need federal troops to put down the rebellion Need federal troops to put down the rebellion Need policies that apply to ALL states. Need policies that apply to ALL states.

13. Samuel Adams Said What?! “Rebellion against a king may be pardoned, or lightly punished, but the man who dares to rebel against the laws of a republic ought to suffer death”

14. Thomas Jefferson Said What?! "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. God forbid that we should ever be twenty years without such a rebellion."