1. PESTICIDES INDICATORS 2015 GRAPHICS AND DATA For more information see: http://webcommunities.hse.gov.uk/connect.ti/pesticidesforum/groupHome

2. Notes This presentation contains graphics, data and performance information about the Indicators chosen by the Pesticides Forum to reflect the structure of the UK Pesticides National Action Plan.UK Pesticides National Action Plan Some charts may be updated during the year as new data becomes available. The Pesticides Forum’s annual report 2015 provides the context for this presentation. It contains: case studies and more information about aspects of several indicators covered here. a brief account of the Pesticides Forum’s main activities in 2015. a summary and look at future plans. The annual report is published online at: http://webcommunities.hse.gov.uk/connect.ti/pesticidesforum/view?objectId=49875&exp=e1

3. Pesticides in the UK Pesticides Forum annual report Impacts and sustainable use PPT of data available

4. To return to this page at any point click on Pesticides Forum logo Contents About the National Action Plan Indicators of Sustainable Use Other links Protecting Human Health Availability of Products and Techniques Protecting Water Protecting Biodiversity Best Practice in Amenity Use Best Practice in Amateur (Home and Garden) Use

5. UK National Action Plan (NAP) Objectives, targets, measures and timetables Objective: to ensure pesticides used sustainably, through promotion of risk reduction Priority areas: protection of water; better practice in amateur and amenity sectors, development and adoption of integrated approaches Targets include: maintaining current high levels of training and testing of application equipment and meeting objectives of Water Framework Directive Measures will include items listed in the National Action Plan

6. NAP – main headings Training Improving standards – operators, advisors Sales – storekeeper certification Sales Information and awareness raising Consumer and health protection, wildlife protection Inspection of application equipment Sprayer testing – requirements from Nov 2016; Assurance Schemes Aerial application – very limited, permitted application only Aerial application Protection of aquatic environment and drinking water Risk in specific areas Protected areas, amenity Handling & storage, packaging Sub-group & communication Integrated Pest Management (IPM) – encourage and support uptake Integrated Pest Management Baselines, sectoral needs, IPM Plans Indicators – usage data, needs Indicators

7. INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE USE

8. PART 1: TRAINING

9. Source: NRoSO * no data on sprayed areaNRoSO Figure 1. User practice: National Register of Sprayer Operators (NRoSO) (number of members & % sprayed area)

10. Source: BASIS Registration Ltd *2012 figure as at 31 Jan 2013 Figure 2. User Practice: BASIS Professional Register (number of members)

11. PART 2: SALES

12. Source: BASIS Registration Ltd Figure 3. BASIS Nominated Storekeeper (NSK) / Amenity Storekeeper (Amenity NSK) training courses: number of passes

13. Source: BASIS Registration Ltd Figure 4. BASIS Guardian Certificate in Garden Care qualification: number of passes

14. PART 3: INFORMATION AND AWARENESS RAISING

15. Source: Data from Pesticide Residues Committee (PRC) and Defra Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues in Food (PRiF) reports Figure 5. Consumer protection: Maximum Residues Levels compliance % of fruit and vegetable samples tested and found with one or more residues above the MRL

16. Figure 6. Indicator - Human health protection: Pesticide Incident Appraisal Panel (PIAP) investigations Source: HSE

17. Figure 7. Pesticide poisoning incidents investigated by the Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS) Source: HSE

18. PART 4: INSPECTION OF APPLICATION EQUIPMENT

19. Source: NSTS/AEA Figure 8. User practice: National Sprayer Testing Scheme (NSTS) (number of sprayer tests and % sprayed area)

20. Figure 9. Membership of crop assurance schemes on holdings sampled in the United Kingdom Pesticide Usage Surveys (to 2014)

21. PART 5: AERIAL APPLICATION Indicator: 352 jobs permitted in 2013 205 jobs permitted in 2014 208 jobs permitted in 2015

22. Figure 10. Aerial application in UK – permitted jobs by area

23. PART 6: MEASURES TO PROTECT THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AND DRINKING WATER

24. 123 of 486 DrWPAs (25%) are at risk of non-compliance due to pesticides –metaldehyde (causing risk in 21% of DrWPAs) Also herbicides used on oilseed rape, cereals and grassland, including –MCPA –propyzamide –carbetamide –mecoprop-P –chlorotoluron (all active substances in green type are currently approved ) Figure 11a. Surface water Drinking Water Protected Areas (DrWPAs) in England where assessments indicate pesticides are putting WFD Article 7 compliance at risk Source: Environment Agency

25. Figure 11b. Drinking Water Protected Areas (DrWPAs) in Scotland at risk of failing to meet Article 7 objectives for pesticides Surface water Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) failures in Scotland No EQS breaches found in 2014 Pesticides active substances detected most frequently during monitoring (none at levels breaching EQS): - linuron -mecoprop-P -metribuzin -pendimethalin -oxadixyl(*) (*) = no longer approved for use in plant protection products Source: Scottish Environmental Protection Agency 5 (of 516) at risk in 2014 (1% of all Surface water DrWPAs in Scotland) _______________________________________________

26. 10 of 4678 (0.2%) failed good status due to pesticides –2,4-D –diazinon(*) –drins(*) –hexachlorocyclohexane(*) –DDT(*) –dichlorvos(*) (*) = no longer approved for use in plant protection products Figure 12a. Surface water bodies in England not currently meeting Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for pesticides (compliance assessment period 2012-2014) Source: Environment Agency

27. 1 of 937 (0.1%) failed good status due to pesticides –diazinon(*) (*) = no longer approved for use in plant protection products Figure 12b. Surface water bodies in Wales not currently meeting Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for pesticides (compliance assessment period 2009-2015) Source: Natural Resources Wales

28. Figure 12c. Surface water bodies not currently meeting WFD EQS for pesticides in Northern Ireland (monitoring data from 1 st river basin plan 2009-2014) Source: Northern Ireland Environment Agency 1 waterbody of 450 (0.2%) failed good status due to pesticides –cypermethrin and pesticides breaches of EQS detected in 40 other waterbodies –cypermethrin –diazinon(*) –permethrin(*) –hexachlorocyclohexane(*) –endosulfan(*) (*) = no longer approved for use in plant protection products

29. England: 16 of 271 (6%) at ‘poor status’ due to pesticides in 2014. Pesticide active substances contributing to failure of good status include: -clopyralid, chlorotoluron, bentazone, metaldehyde, cypermethrin, -fenuron(*), isoproturon(*), diuron(*), simazine(*), mecoprop(*), atrazine(*) (*) = not approved (in 2014) for use in plant protection products Wales: No failures of good status due to pesticides ( based on latest 2013 data) Source: Environment Agency Figure 13a. Groundwater bodies in England failing Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives due to pesticides in 2014

30. Source: Scottish Environmental Protection Agency Figure 13b. Groundwater bodies in Scotland failing Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives due to pesticides in 2014 3 failed good status due to pesticides –simazine(*) (2 failures) –atrazine(*) (1 failure) Monitoring during 2014 at sampling locations found 50 active substances above the limit of detection; those detected most frequently were: - oxadixyl(*) - atrazine(*) - simazine(*) - epoxiconazole - linuron (*) = no longer approved for use in plant protection products The numbers on the map show the number of active substances present which threaten to exceed 0.1 μg per litre for each monitoring location at risk

31. Figure 13c. Groundwater bodies in Northern Ireland (2009-2015 River Basin Management Planning cycle) No groundwater bodies were at poor status due to pesticides in 2014 Groundwater monitoring in 2014 showed 10 positive detections of pesticide active substances: - chlorotoluron - flutriafol - tri-allate - fluroxypyr - prometryn (*) - atrazine (*) - benazolin (*) (*) = not currently approved for use in plant protection products in the UK Of these 10 positive detections, 3 also failed the drinking water standard at 2 different monitoring stations. These were for chlorotoluron and benazolin(*).

32. Figure 14. Substantiated category 1 and 2 incidents involving agricultural and non-agricultural pesticides in England and Wales Sources: Environment Agency; Natural Resources Wales Contains Natural Resources Wales information © Natural Resources Wales and database right

33. PART 7: REDUCTION OF RISK IN SPECIFIC AREAS

34. Source: Pesticides Usage Survey – Amenity Pesticides in the UK 2012 Figure 15. Tonnes of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides applied in major amenity sectors 2006-2012 Figure 16. Relative weight of amenity pesticide applied in major amenity sectors in the UK in 2012

35. PART 8: HANDLING AND STORAGE OF PESTICIDES AND TREATMENT OF THEIR PACKAGING AND REMNANTS

36. Sources: Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales Figure 17. Number of registered biobeds and biofilters in England & Wales (cumulative totals)

37. Figure 18. Number of penalties levied for Cross Compliance (SMR 9 only) breaches found during inspection in 2014

38. Source: Pesticides user habits survey 2013 (PS2817) Figure 19. Disposal of rinsings from empty amateur concentrate containers

39. Source: Pesticides user habits survey 2013 (PS2817) Figure 20. Disposal of ‘ready-to-use’ products and concentrates with pesticides still in the container

40. PART 9: LOW PESTICIDE INPUT MANAGEMENT including Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

41. Source: HSE, CRD Figure 21a. Cumulative numbers of active substances and products approved as biopesticides in UK (2003-2015)

42. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Surveys Figure 21b. Biopesticides usage* in the UK recorded during Pesticides Usage Surveys in 2014 (where area treated is over 100 hectares) (*Not all uses are captured in PUS surveys - ornamental crops, hops and mushrooms are excluded from PUS surveys )

43. Source: Defra Organic Farming StatisticsDefra Organic Farming Statistics Figure 22. Area of organic land use in UK Figure 23. Total of in-conversion and organic land use in UK

44. Source: Defra/RSPB/BTO/JNCC Figure 24. Populations of selected farmland bird species in the UK

45. Source: Defra/RSPB/BTO/JNCC Figure 25. Populations of all bird species in the UK

46. Source: Natural England Figure 26a. Areas of different agri-environment options used by farmers to provide valuable wildlife food resources and mitigate impacts of crop inputs on arable farmland - England

47. Figure 26b. Areas of different agri-environment options used by farmers to provide valuable wildlife food resources and mitigate impacts of crop inputs on arable farmland - Scotland and Northern Ireland Scotland (2013) Grass margins and beetle banks: 1250 hectares Wild bird seed mixes and un-harvested crops options: 2030 hectares All hedgerow options 3900 kilometres Northern Ireland (2013) Countryside Management Scheme: 295 000 hectares New Environmentally Sensitive Area Scheme: 91 000 hectares

48. PART 10: INDICATORS

49. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 27. Estimated annual pesticide usage for all crops in Great Britain / UK

50. Sources: Defra June Agricultural Survey; Scottish Government; Welsh Government; Department for Agriculture and Rural Development, Northern Ireland Figure 28. UK cropped areas

51. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 29. UK pesticide average inputs per crop (including soil sterilants)

52. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 30. UK pesticide average inputs for wheat

53. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 31. UK herbicide use on wheat

54. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 32. UK fungicide use on wheat

55. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 33. UK insecticide use on wheat

56. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 34. UK molluscicide use on wheat

57. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 35. UK pesticide average inputs for oilseed rape

58. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 36. UK pesticide average inputs for maize

59. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 37. UK herbicide use on maize

60. Source: Fera Pesticide Usage Survey Figure 38. UK insecticide use on maize

61. Acknowledgements Member Organisations of the Pesticides Forum and many others who provided data and analysis used in Indicators GWCT, Scottish Natural Heritage, Natural Resources Wales Government departments of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Fera