1. THE IRAN- CONTRA AFFAIR BY SAM BOLIN

2. Overview of Iran-Contra Affair 7 American hostages were held in Lebanon by the Hezbollah. They were held by a paramilitary group This group had Iranian ties to the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution. Israel would ship weapons to Iran, then the US would resupply Israel and receive the payment from Israel too. The Iranian recipients promised to do everything in their power to achieve the release of the U.S. hostages. Then later on the the plan was edited to send a portion of the money Illegally to the anti-communist fighting Contras of Nicaragua.

3. Oliver North He was the central coordinator of the illegal sale of weapons. He sold these weapons to Iran. The profits were fed to the Contra rebel group in Nicaragua.

4. Fawn Hall She was the Secretary to Lt. Colonel Oliver North. Was caught helping Oliver North shred confidential documents.

5. President Reagan The 40th President of the USA. He was the President during the Iran-Contra Scandal. He was convinced to stop Communism by any means necessary.

6. Richard Secord Air Force Major General Richard Secord was the deputy assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs from 1981 to 1983. He co-founded Stanford Technology Trading Group International with Albert Hakim in 1983. Known as the Enterprise, their company managed Oliver North’s secret arms sales through private Swiss bank accounts.

7. Adolfo Calero Mainly know was a Nicaraguan lawyer, businessman, and militant group leader. He was a very influential lobbyist for, the Contras. U.S.-backed rebels fighting to overthrow the Marxist- oriented Sandinista government in Nicaragua.

8. Edwin Meese Meese was investigated for his involvement in the cover- up of the scandals. He focused more on limiting the damage to President Reagan than protecting himself. The purpose of the investigate was to see what truly had transpired.

9. Lawrence Walsh He was the former U.S. District Court judge and Deputy Attorney General. He was Appointed Independent Counsel in December 1986 to investigate the Iran–Contra affair during the Reagan Administration.

10. George H.W. Bush He was theVice President for Reagan during the Iran- Contra Affair. He reportedly leaked information saying that the Reagan Administration had ties to illegal trade. He pardoned many members who were accused when he was President.

11. The Start of the Iran Contra Affair 1981 - Ronald Reagan is elected as the 40th President 1981 - President Reagan authorizes the CIA to undertake covert against the Marxist Sandinistas in Nicaragua 1981 - Iran releases 52 American hostages after 444 days in captivity

12. 1982 December 21,1982 - The First Boland Amendment, restricting government support of the Contras in Nicaragua, is signed into law.

13. 1983 May 1983 - The CIA agrees to take weapons from the Israeli government and supply them to the Contras. September 19th, 1983 - President Reagan secretly continues to support the Contras indirectly through Honduras.

14. 1984 March 1984 - William F. Buckley, the CIA chief in Beirut, Lebanon, is kidnapped by Muslim extremists. Six more American hostages are taken over the next year. July 25th, 1984 - CIA secures Manucher Ghorbanifar an Iranian businessman, as a broker between Israel and Iran in the arms-for- hostage deal.

15. 1985 March 16th, 1985 - Lt. Colonel Oliver North, a member of Reagan’s National Security Council, proposes using third-party donors like Saudi Arabia to support the Contras, since Congress will not permit direct support. December 5th, 1985 - President Reagan signs an order retroactively authorizing the operation.

16. 1986 February 20th - Direct U.S.- Iranian contact to discuss the release of the hostages in return for 3,000 TOW missiles. August 2nd - A secret meeting with the Sultan of Brunei takes place to acquire funds for the Contras. The funds are not transferred because an incorrect account number was provided.

17. 1986 September 22nd - Oliver North meets with Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega to negotiate assistance to Nicaragua. In exchange, the U.S. will apply less pressure on Noriega’s illegal drug operations. November 25th - United States Attorney General Edwin Meese discloses to the public that government money had been sent to the Contras. President Reagan fires Oliver North. Fawn Hall, North’s secretary, removes documents from his office.

18. The Charges to Members of the Reagan Administration December 19, 1986 - At the request of Attorney General Meese, a three-judge panel appoints Lawrence Walsh, a former judge and deputy attorney general in the Eisenhower Administration, to be the independent counsel. Walsh brought criminal charges against 14 Reagan administration officials and staff, including Oliver North, and private individuals.

19. 1987 March 4th - President Reagan addresses the country admitting that his administration took part in the arms-for-hostages program without his knowledge. August 12 - President Reagan address the nation again, stating that he deserves the blame for the events in Iran and Nicaragua but stresses he was unaware of the events. The Majority Report did not charge Reagan, but the called the administration’s actions unethical. The Minority Report claimed that the actions taken by the President and his administration were within the powers of the executive branch.

20. 1989 - The Trial of Oliver North The trials of Oliver North begins. Oliver North was found guilty on three counts. He is sentenced to two years probation, fined $150,000, and required to perform 1,200 hours of community service.

21. Impact of Iran-Contra Most of those officials went on to prosperous careers Many went on to contribute to the war efforts in Iraq No one involved in the Iran- Contra Affair was held accountable

22. THE IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR BY SAM BOLIN