2. 1 INFECTION CONTROL Are you safe from the spread of bacteria?

3. 2 Lecture Notes

4. 3 Learning Objectives List the various types and classifications of bacteria. Define hepatitis and AIDS and explain how they are transmitted. Describe vegetable and animal parasites that may be seen in the salon. Discuss different types of disinfectants and how they are used. Identify the procedures and precautions to prevent the spread of disease in schools and salons. Demonstrate sanitation and disinfecting techniques

5. 4 Group Discussion What do you like about a clean environment? How would you describe a clean environment? What does it take to maintain a clean and safe environment?

6. 5 What are BACTERIA? Minute, one- celled vegetable microorganisms found nearly everywhere. They are numerous in: Dust, dirt, refuse, and diseased tissues.

7. 6 Words To Remember Bacteriology Bacteria Flagella/Cilia Vegetative General Infection Contagious Pathogenic Nonpathogenic Parasites Spores Local Infection Immunity Scabies Pediculosis Cocci Bacilli Spirilla Streptococci Staphylococci Diplococci Acqurired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

8. 7 TYPES OF BACTERIA Nonpathogenic  Harmless or beneficial  More than 70% of all bacteria are harmless  Saprophytes- live off dead matter (fungus)

9. 8 TYPES OF BACTERIA Pathogenic Disease-producing (Harmful) Parasites (plant or animal) live off other living organisms –Plant- molds, mildews, yeast produce ringworm and fungus –Animal- insects responsible for scabies due to itch mite; pediculosis due to lice.

10. THREE GENERAL FORMS OF BACTERIA Cocci – round shape Bacilli – rod shape Spirilla – spiral – corkscrew shape Figure 5-1

11. COCCI Are round-shaped Appear singly or in groups Rarely show active mobility or movement Transmitted via air, dust, or in substances in which they settle Figure 5-2

12. COCCI –Staphylococci are pus-forming. grow in bunches or clusters. cause abscesses, pustules, and boils. –Streptococci are pus-forming. grow in chains. cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning. –Diplococci grow in pairs. cause pneumonia.

13. BACILLI and SPIRILLA Bacilli –are short, rod-shaped bacteria. –are the most common type bacteria. –produce diseases such as: tetanus. influenza. typhoid fever. tuberculosis. diphtheria. Spirilla are spiral or corkscrew- shaped bacteria. are spiral or corkscrew- shaped bacteria. are subdivided into several groups: are subdivided into several groups: Treponema pallida causes syphilis (STD). Treponema pallida causes syphilis (STD). Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease. Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease. Figure 5-3

14. GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION Bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall and internal protoplasm. Bacteria –manufacture their own food. –give off waste products. –grow and reproduce.

15. 14 TWO PHASES IN LIFE CYCLE Active or vegetative Inactive or spore forming Bacteria in the inactive stage can be a threat to the spread of disease or infection in the salon.

16. 15 BACTERIAL INFECTIONS  Local infection  General infection  Contagious or communicable  Invasion of body by pathogenic bacteria  Body fights infection

17. GENERAL INFECTION Pathogenic bacteria and their toxins are carried by the bloodstream to all parts of the body. Blood poisoning and syphilis are two well- known examples.

18. 17 Sources of Contagion Unclean hands and implements Open sores Pus Mouth and nose discharges Shared drinking cups and towels Uncovered coughing, sneezing, & spitting in public

19. CONTAGIOUS OR COMMUNICABLE INFECTIONS Disease spread by one person to another Through direct or indirect contact such as –coughing –sneezing –unclean hands –unclean implements –open sores –common drinking cups or common towels, etc. Common contagious diseases preventing cosmetologists from working are Common contagious diseases preventing cosmetologists from working are tuberculosis. tuberculosis. colds. colds. ringworm. ringworm. scabies. scabies. head lice. head lice. viral infections. viral infections.

20. 19 Viruses Viruses causes common colds, respiratory and gastrointestinal (digestive tract) infections. Measles Mumps Chicken pox Small pox Rabies, yellow fever, hepatitis, polio, influenza and HIV.

21. 20 HEPATITIS A disease marked by inflammation of the liver. Caused by a blood-borne virus similar to HIV in transmission, More easily contracted that HIV, because it is present in ALL body fluids.

22. 21 Hepatitis A Usually last about 3 weeks. Symptoms similar to the flu. Yellowing of skin or eyes in adults. Spread through close household contact. Vaccine available

23. 22 Hepatitis B Can cause long term hepatitis, cirrhosis, and/or liver cancer. Often no symptoms but mirrors the flu. Transferred primarily through sexual contact or parenteral exposure. Vaccine available.

24. 23 Hepatitis C Can progress slowly Often no symptoms. Fatigue and stomach pain Transferred through sexual activity with infected person. Parenteral contact NO vaccine available

25. 24 AIDS Aids is not transmitted through casual contact such as: Sneezing Coughing ?

26. 25 AIDS IS TRANSMITTED Bodily fluids- semen and blood *Sexual contact with an infected person *Sharing of dirty hypodermic needles *Transfusion of infected blood

27. 26 HOW PATHOGENS ENTER THE BODY Break in the skinBreak in the skin MouthMouth NoseNose Eyes or earsEyes or ears Unprotected sexUnprotected sex

28. 27 BODY FIGHTS INFECTION Unbroken skin Body secretions; perspiration, and digestive juices White blood cells Antitoxins

29. 28 OTHER INFECTIOUS AGENTS Filterable viruses Parasites Plant parasites or fungi Animal parasites

30. VEGETABLE PARASITES OR FUNGI Molds, mildews, and yeasts (fungi) can produce contagious skin diseases such as –ringworm. –favus. Nail fungus can be contracted through implements that have not been disinfected properly or by moisture trapped under nail enhancements. Nail fungus is chronic and usually localized but can be spread to other nails, and from client to client. Figure 5-5

31. HEAD LICE A skin disease caused by an infestation of head lice is called pediculosis capitis. Head lice are called pediculosis. Figure 5-6

32. SCABIES Scabies is a contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite. The itch mite burrows under skin and causes scabies. Figure 5-7

33. 32 IMMUNITY NATURAL IMMUNITY An inborn ability to resist diseases. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY Developed after the body has overcome a disease or though inoculation. HUMAN DISEASE CARRIER One who is immune to a disease but can transmit germs to others.

34. 33 DESTROYING BACTERIA Disinfectants Intense heat such as: boiling baking burning ultraviolet rays

35. 34 LET’S REVIEW “Quiz” What are bacteria ? Where can they exist? Are pathogenic bacteria harmful or harmless? Under what classification of bacteria do we get pneumonia? What is an example of a local infection? A virus is resistant to antibiotics. True or False AIDS can be spread holding hands and hugging. True or False

36. 35 Decontamination and Infection Control Beauty Salon

37. 36 Infection Control Objectives Explain and understand the importance of decontamination. Explain the difference between sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization. Discuss how to safely handle and use disinfectant products. Discuss your responsibilities as a salon professional.

38. 37 DECONTAMINATION Sterilization- Highest level of decontamination. Hospital Disinfection- Higher level of decontamination than sanitation. Salon, (lab) home Sanitation- the third or lowest level of decontamination. Salon, (lab)

39. 38 Types of Infection Control Sterilization Disinfection Sanitation***** Antiseptics

40. IMPORTANT POINT Use the word “sterilize” correctly. You can only sterilize nonporous surfaces such as metal implements. You cannot sterilize the skin or nails. Sterilization is impractical and unnecessary in salons.

41. DISINFECTION Controls microorganisms on hard nonporous surfaces such as instruments or implements Is a higher level of decontamination than sanitation Is second only to sterilization Does not kill bacterial spores Is NOT for human skin, hair, nails Always follow manufacturers’ directions. –Products that are developed to be safe may be dangerous if used incorrectly. –Disinfectants must be used in strict accordance with directions.

42. If school and/or salon implements come into contact with blood or body fluids, they must be cleaned and completely immersed in an EPA- registered disinfectant that kills HIV-1 and HBV, or in a tuberculocidal disinfectant. The National Interstate Council of State Cosmetology Boards (NICS) follows this standard for testing as well. HOSPITAL-GRADE DISINFECTANT

43. 42 EPA Environmental Protection Agency All products must have a label proving that have been approved by the EPA in your state. Disinfectants must be approved by the EPA in your state.

44. AN EFFICACY LABEL The EPA-approved disinfectant label must have a registration number. The number ensures that the disinfectant has proven effective against certain organisms. The label will tell you exactly which organisms the disinfectant has been tested for, such as –HIV-1. –Hepatitis B virus. Figure 5-9

45. 44 TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS Quats- quaternary ammonium compound Phenols- must be used according to instructions; caustic poison. Alcohol – Ethyl alcohol 70 % Bleach- Used mainly in laundry for towels.

46. PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS Clean implements thoroughly before immersing. Change solutions daily. Completely submerge implements for proper disinfection. Figure 5-11

47. ULTRASONIC BATH High-frequency sound waves create powerful, cleansing bubbles in the liquid that clean tiny crevices impossible to reach with a brush. Figure 5-12

48. 47 Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS Federal law requires manufacturers to give you important information, such as directions for proper use, safety precautions, a list of active ingredients and an important information sheet called MSDS.

49. SAMPLE MSDS Figure 5-10

50. 49 WHAT IS “OSHA” OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY HEALTH ADMINISTRATION It was created as part of the U.S.Department of labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards in the workplace.

51. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA was created as part of the U.S. Department of Labor. OSHA enforces safety and health standards in the workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 established the Hazard Communication Rule that requires manufacturers to assess hazards associated with their products. OSHA standards are important to cosmetology because of the nature of the chemicals used.

52. 51 BAR SOAP vs. LIQUID ANTIBACTERIAL SOAP Bar soaps can grow bacteria that can be passed from one person to another. Liquid antibacterial soaps decrease the risk of bacteria spreading.

53. CAUTION Hand-washing is the single most effective measure for reducing the spread of infectious disease. Be aware that antibacterial soap may not kill more germs than regular soap and water, and can be harmful in that it can leave the skin vulnerable to skin problems such as eczema.

54. 53 BLOOD SPILL PROCEDURE Stop the service and wash your hands. Put on gloves. Give the injured party a styptic powder or spray. Use appropriate dressing. Double bag all blood soiled (contaminated) articles and label biohazard warning. Remove gloves and clean hands. Return to client, continue service.

55. BLOOD SPILL DISINFECTION  Stop service and clean injured area.  Apply antiseptic or spray styptic.  Cover injury with bandage or other appropriate dressing.  Use finger guard or gloves as needed.  Clean client and workstation.  Discard of all disposable contaminated objects by double-bagging.  Deposit sharp disposables in a sharps box.  Wash hands with soap and warm water.  Disinfect all tools contaminated with blood or body fluids by complete immersion in an EPA-registered disinfectant that kills HIV-1 and HBV, or in a tuberculocidal disinfectant. Figure 5-22

56. 55 Disinfection Procedures for: Implements Combs, brushes, scissors, thinning shears, etc. Linens and capes –Towels, capes and smocks Electrical equipment –Curling irons –Blow dryers Clippers Pre-clean. Rinse thoroughly Launder and bleach according to label directions. Wipe and spray with EPA- registered, hospital grade, tuberculocidal disnfectant.

57. SUMMARY The state regulatory agency and local health board require that businesses serving the public follow certain sanitary precautions. Contagious diseases, skin infections, and blood poisoning are caused either by infectious bacteria transmitted from one individual to another or by the use of unsanitary implements. Protecting both yourself and your clients from infections or disease is critical to success in your salon. It is essential to follow Universal Precautions. Do not take shortcuts when it comes to sanitation and disinfection.

58. 57 Let’s Review “Quiz” What are the 3 levels of decontamination? What does EPA stand for? Sterilization is practiced daily in the salon. T or F Disinfectants are safe to use on the skin. T or F Decontamination is second to sterilization. T or F The OSHA guidelines are to be followed only when you provide chemical services. T or F What level of decontamination is lowest?