1. Studying Geography CHAPTER 1 – LESSON 2

2. I. Globes  A. A spherical scale model of the planet.  B. Best shows the sizes of continents and shapes of landmasses and bodies of water.  C. Shows true distance and direction.

3. II. Maps  A. Flat drawings of all or part of earths surface  B. Shows small areas in great detail  C. Can be folded and carried in pocket/car  D. Cannot show true size, shape, distance and direction at the same time  E. Both maps and globes are marked with imaginary lines and divide earth into hemispheres

4. III. Hemispheres  A. Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere EQUATOR PRIME MERIDIAN NORTH EAST SOUTH WEST

5. IV. Lines of Latitude and Longitude A. Latitude: Runs parallel to the EQUATOR B. Longitude: Runs parallel to the Prime Meridian

6. V. Types of Maps  A. Physical Maps: Show land and water features  B. Political Maps: Shows the borders and names of countries  C. Special Purpose Map: Specific kinds of information. Usually patterns such as climate, natural resources, and population.

7. VI. How to read a Map  A. Key: Explains lines and colors used on a map  B. Symbols: Signs and pictures used on a map  C. Scale: Measuring line that tells you distances represented on a map  D. Cardinal Directions: N, E, S, W – found on a compass rose  E. Intermediate Directions: NE, SE, SW, NW

8. VII. 5 Themes of Geography  A. Location  B. Place  C. Human-Environment Interaction  D. Movement  E. Regions

9. VIII. 6 Essential Elements of Geography  A. The world in spatial terms: Location  B. Places and Regions: Physical Characteristics – Landforms, climate, plant and animal life  C. Physical Systems: Hurricanes, volcanoes, glaciers, how plants and animals depend on one another for food  D. Human Systems: How people have shaped a location  E. Environment and Society: How people use the environment and how their actions affect it  F. The uses of Geography: Relationship among people, places and environments