1. Before Reading_ MAIN About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion ● Born: 1967 ● Birthplace: Meridien, Connecticut ● Best known as: An American finance journalist who wrote 2004’s The Wisdom of Crowds Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds James Surowiecki Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

2. Before Reading_1.1 Surowiecki is a 1984 graduate of Choate Rosemary Hall and a 1988 alumnus of the University of North Carolina. He pursued PhD studies in American History at Yale University before becoming a financial journalist. About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

3. Surowiecki was editor-in-chief of Rogue magazine from 1995 — 96 and a staff writer for Motley Fool. He was a finance columnist for Slate from 1997 – 2000. Before joining The New Yorker, he wrote “The Bottom Line” column for New York magazine and was a contributing editor at Fortune. He is now a staff writer at The New Yorker, where he writes a regular column on business and finance called “The Financial Page. ” Before Reading_1.2 About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

4. In 2002, Surowiecki edited an anthology, Best Business Crime Writing of the Year, a collection of articles from different business news sources that chronicle the fall from grace of various CEOs. In 2004, he published The Wisdom of Crowds, in which he argued that a diverse, independent and decentralized group of people, under the right conditions, makes the smartest choices. Before Reading_1.3 About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

5. Directions: Watch the video to see how Surowiecki answers the following two questions based on his book The Wisdom of Crowds. Before Reading_1.4.1 1) Tell us about your book The Wisdom of Crowds. Groups can be smarter even than the smartest person within them. When solving problems or making decisions, we’ d better ask a group of people instead of a single expert. It allows companies or organizations to tap collective intelligence. About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

6. Before Reading_1.4.2 2) How does “The Wisdom of Crowds” apply to real estate? Two ways. In terms of the market, if you want to go into it, you need to come up with innovative and interesting ideas. There is a lot of competitive pressure. You need to be more active. In terms of companies, tapping collective intelligence of all organizations even of customers could be valuable. It expands our ideas of where good information is. About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

7. Before Reading_2.1 Directions: This clip is a brief introduction of the Industrial Revolution. Watch the video and try to answer the following questions. About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

8. Before Reading_2.2 1. Where and when did the Industrial Revolution begin? Britain; In 18th century 2. What are the three factors preparing Britain for the change? Domestic peace, economic health and the availability of critical iron and coal resources in Britain. 3. What happened after the spinning mule was turned into a time-and-labor saving device? Textile and loom factories essentially replaced home spinning and weaving. 4. Following the textile industry, what demand did manufacturing create? There was unprecedented demand for new machines, mechanical components, processed materials and skilled labor. About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

9. Before Reading_2.3 5. How did work and economy change in Britain? Work became increasingly specialized, mechanized and urbanized. An agriculture-based economy evolved into an industrial one. 6. List the inventions mentioned during the Industrial Revolution. Eli Whitney’s cotton gins, 1763; Charles Babbage’s mechanical computer, 1834; the first steam carriage; steam ship; and steam locomotive. About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

10. Before Reading_3.1 Richard Easterlin ● Born: 1926 ● Birthplace: Ridgefield Park, New Jersey ● Best known as: A foremost promoter in both economic and demographic fields About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

11. Before Reading_3.2 PhD University of Pennsylvania, 1953 A.M. University of Pennsylvania, 1949 M.E. Stevens Institute of Technology, 1945 About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

12. Before Reading_3.3 University Professor and Professor of Economics in University of Southern California About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

13. Before Reading_3.4 Distinguished Fellow, American Economic Association, 2006 Distinguished Researcher Award, International Society for Quality of Life Studies, 2006 Mellon Award for Excellence in Mentoring, Center for Excellence in Teaching, USC, 2006 About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

14. Before Reading_3.5 Happiness in Economics, 2002. Growth Triumphant: The Twenty-first Century in Historical Perspective, 1996 Birth and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare, 1987 The American Baby Boom in Historical Perspective, 1962 About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

15. Before Reading_4 What do you think is the key to happiness? Does it have anything to do with the development of technology? Discuss with your group members to share your opinions. Directions: About the Author James Surowiecki Industrial Revolution Richard Easterlin Group Discussion Education Work experience Publication The Wisdom of Crowds Education Current position Most recent awards and fellowships Publications

16. Global Reading_1.1 PartsParas.Main Ideas 1 2 1~2 3~5 Material and technological advances do not really bring happiness to people in the developed countries. Though Americans now are wealthier than they were in the middle of the last century, they are not happier than they used to be. Technology and happiness are not necessarily closely correlated because people adapt to technological progress too quickly. True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Role Play 3 The current comments on technology have mostly centered on the bad effects of technology on human relationships rather than particular, harmful technologie 6~9

17. Global Reading_1.1 PartsPara.Main Ideas 10 The most important impact of technology on people’s sense of well-being is in the field of health care. 4 5 People in general claim that on a deeper level, technology cannot bring happiness to them, which is just contradictory to the fact that it has greatly improved people’s health and life expectancy. 11 True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Role Play

18. Global Reading_2 In the second half of last century, gross domestic product per capita increased by 200 percent in US. Media and leisure were turned into multibillion-dollar industries for the American spent less time on work and more time on entertainment. Material and technological advances haven’t made Americans happier than before. This is a unique phenomenon in US that with the increase of their income the percentage of people who feel happy has fallen slightly since the early 1970s. 1. 2. 3. 4. Americans’ pursuit of entertainment turned media and leisure into multibillion-dollar industries even though they seemed to work extraordinarily hard. T( ) F Similar data revealing this phenomenon have been found in most developed countries. F( ) T True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Role Play

19. Global Reading_3.1 1. In what sense is Richard Easterlin’s paper a truly groundbreaking work? The topic his paper is concerning has seldom been examined by other economists and social scientists. 2. What is the relationship between money and happiness according to Richard Easterlin? At least after a certain point, money can’t buy happiness. 3. How usually does a lottery winner’s sense of well-being change? Usually he is very happy, but soon the excitement will disappear, and his sense of well-being will become the same as before. Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Role Play True or False

20. Global Reading_3.2 4.Why do people tend to take technological innovations for granted? Technology develops very fast, any miraculous innovation will soon become common or frustrating when it doesn’t work well, and it’s hard for people to remember what things were like before without the technological innovation. Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Role Play True or False

21. Specific bad technologies: a., b., c.. Global Reading_4 telemarketing___________ traffic jams__________ Downside of technology 1. Increasingly, 2. fragile privacy, 3. privacy. Negative impact identity theft ___________ disrupt relationships _________________ fracture community ________________ gradual isolation ______________ True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Role Play

22. Global Reading_5 1. How has life expectancy changed in Europe? 2. How did technology change people’s life? 3. How did medical technology benefit people? 4. What is the paradox of happiness? Work in pairs to perform an interview. One student plays as the writer, James Surowiecki, and the other, a journalist. You two are talking about the impact of technology on people’s sense of well-being in the field of health care and the paradox of happiness. Your conversation should be based on part 4 and 5. The conversation should cover the following aspects: Directions: True or False Part Division of the Text Questions and Answers Blank Filling Further Understanding Role Play

23. In the present era, all of us are enthusiastically pursuing technological advancement and take it for granted that the development of technology will make us happier. However, little evidence can be found to prove the correlation between technology and happiness once material and technological advances reach a certain level. The text below may provide you with some insights into this issue. Detailed Reading_t0 Detailed Reading

24. In the 20th century, Americans, Europeans, and East Asians enjoyed material and technological advances that were unimaginable in previous eras. In the United States, for instance, gross domestic product per capita tripled from 1950 to 2000. Life expectancy soared. The boom in productivity after World War II made goods better and cheaper at the same time. Things that were once luxuries, such as jet travel and long-distance phone Technology and Happiness James Surowiecki Detailed Reading_t1 Detailed Reading calls, became necessities. And even though Americans seemed to work extraordinarily hard, their pursuit of entertainment turned media and leisure into multibillion- dollar industries.

25. By most standards, then, you would have to say that Americans are better off now than they were in the middle of the last century. Oddly, though, if you ask Americans how happy they are, you’ll find that they are no happier than they were in 1946 (which is when formal surveys of happiness started). In fact, the percentage of people who say they are Detailed Reading_t2 Detailed Reading “very happy” has fallen slightly since the early 1970s — even though the income of people born in 1940 has, on average, increased by 116 percent over the course of their working lives. You can find similar data for most developed countries.

26. Detailed Reading_t3 Detailed Reading The relationship between happiness and technology has been an eternal subject for social critics and philosophers since the advent of the Industrial Revolution. But it’s been left largely unexamined by economists and social scientists. The truly groundbreaking work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being was done by the economist Richard Easterlin, who in 1974 wrote a famous paper entitled “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?” Easterlin showed that when it came to developed countries, there was no real correlation between a nation’s income level and its citizens’ happiness. Money, Easterlin argued, could not buy happiness — at least not after a certain point. Easterlin showed that though poverty was strongly correlated with misery, once a country was solidly middle-class, getting wealthier did not seem to make its citizens any happier.

27. Detailed Reading_t4- 补 Detailed Reading This seems to be close to a universal phenomenon. In fact, one of happiness scholars’ most important insights is that people adapt very quickly to good news. Take lottery winners for example. One famous study showed that although winners were very, very happy when they won, their extreme excitement quickly evaporated, and after a while their moods and sense of well-being were indistinguishable from what they had been before the victory. So, too, with technology: no matter how dramatic a new innovation is, no matter how much easier it makes our lives, it is very easy to take it for granted. You can see this principle at work in the world of technology every day, as things that once seemed miraculous soon become common and, worse, frustrating when they don’t work perfectly. It’s hard, it turns out, to keep in mind what things were like before the new technology came along.

28. Does our fast assimilation of technological progress mean, then, that technology makes no difference? No. It just makes the question of technology’s impact, for good or ill, more complicated. Let’s start with the downside. There are certain ways in which technology makes life obviously worse. Telemarketing, traffic jams, and identity theft all come to mind. These are all phenomena that make people consciously unhappy. But for the most part, modern critiques of technology have focused not so much on specific, bad technologies as the impact of technology on our human relationships. Detailed Read ing _t5 Detailed Reading

29. Privacy has become increasingly fragile in a world of linked databases. In many workplaces, technologies like keystroke monitoring and full recordings of phone calls make it easier to watch workers. The notion that technology disrupts and fractures community gained mainstream prominence as an attack on television. Some even say that TV is chiefly responsible for the gradual isolation of Americans from each other. Similarly, the harmful effects of the Internet, which supposedly further isolates people from what is often called “the real world”. Detailed Read ing _t6 Detailed Reading relationships This broad criticism of technology’s impact on relationships is an interesting one and is especially relevant to the question of happiness, because one of the few things we can say for certain is that the more friends and the closer relationships people have, the happier they tend to be.

30. Today, technological change is so rapid that when you buy something, you do so knowing that in a few months there’s going to be a better, faster version of the product, and that you’re going to be stuck with the old one. Someone else, in other words, has it better. It’s as if disappointment were built into acquisition from the very beginning. Detailed Reading_t7 Detailed Reading Daily stress, an annoying sense of disappointment, fear that the government knows a lot more about you than you would like it to — these are obviously some of the ways in which technology reduces people’s sense of well-being. But the most important impact of technology on people’s sense of well-being is in the field of health care.

31. Before the Industrial Revolution, two out of every three Europeans died before the age of 30. Today, life expectancy for women in Western Europe is almost 80 years, and it continues to increase. The point is obvious: the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. But until very recently, life for the vast majority of people was nasty, rough, and short. Technology has changed that, at least for people in the rich world. As much as we should worry about the rising cost of health care and the problem of the uninsured, it’s also worth remembering how valuable for our spirits as well as our bodies are the benefits that medical technology has brought us. Detailed Reading_t8 Detailed Reading On a deeper level, what the technological improvement of our health and our longevity emphasizes is a paradox of any discussion of happiness on a national or a global level: even though people may not be happier, even though they are wealthier and possess more technology, they’re still as hungry as ever for more time. It’s like that old joke: the food may not be so great, but we want the portions to be as big as possible.

32. 1. What does “it” refer to here? But it’s been left largely unexamined by economists and social scientists. Detailed Reading_t3_But… Detailed Reading It refers to the relationship between happiness and technology. 2. Paraphrase this sentence. But economists and social scientists have hardly examined the relationship between happiness and technology at all.

33. The truly groundbreaking work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being was done by the economist Richard Easterlin, who in 1974 wrote a famous paper entitled “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?” Detailed Reading_t3_The truly… 3. Translate this sentence into Chinese. Detailed Reading 经济学家理查德 · 伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系方面进行了具有 开拓性的研究，并于 1974 年发表了一篇题为 “ 经济增长改变人类命运 吗？ ” 的著名论文。 1. What is the meaning of “lot”? It means fortune in life. 2. How is the paper of great significance? As a work on the relationship between prosperity and well- being, it is innovative.

34. What does this sentence imply? Money, Easterlin argued, could not buy happiness — at least not after a certain point. Detailed Reading_t3_Money… Detailed Reading Money can’t bring people happiness, at least when people’s wealth has reached to a certain level.

35. …people adapt very quickly to good news. Detailed Reading_t4_ 补 …people … How usually will people react to good news? They tend to feel happy and excited on hearing good news but they soon take it for granted. Detailed Reading

36. Telemarketing, traffic jams, and identity theft all come to mind. Detailed Reading_t4_Telemarketing… 1. Explain the three expressions in the sentence, “telemarketing”, “traffic jam” and “identity theft”. Telemarketing means salespeople try to sell products to you on the phone. Traffic jam means your car is stuck in heavy traffic. Identity theft means your personal information is stolen. Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. 我们马上会想到电话推销、交通阻塞以及身份资料失窃等情况。

37. But for the most part, modern critiques of technology have focused not so much on specific, bad technologies as the impact of technology on our human relationships. Detailed Reading_t4_But for … 1. What do modern critiques of technology mainly focus on? They mainly focus on the impact of technology on our human relationships. Detailed Reading 2. Paraphrase this sentence. However, current comments on technology have mostly centered on the bad effects of technology on our human relationships rather than particular, harmful technologies.

38. The notion that technology disrupts relationships and fractures community gained mainstream prominence as an attack on television. Detailed Reading_t4_The notion … 1. What do people blame television mainly for? Television is to blame mainly for interfering with the smooth development of relationships between people and breaking up community unity. Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. 人们对电视的批评主要集中在以下方面：技术扰乱了人际关系、破坏 了社区交往。

39. Today, technological change is so rapid that when you buy something, you do so knowing that in a few months there’s going to be a better, faster version of the product, and that you’re going to be stuck with the old one. Detailed Reading_t5_Today… 1. With technology changing so rapidly, is it possible for people to buy the best product? Why or why not? Detailed Reading No, because rapid development of technology will always soon produce a better one. 2. What can we do with the old version of the product? We have to keep it even if we don’t like it any more.

40. It’s as if disappointment were built into acquisition from the very beginning. Detailed Reading_t5_It’s as … Detailed Reading What does this sentence mean? It seems as if people were doomed to disappointment the moment they bought the product.

41. Daily stress, an annoying sense of disappointment, fear that the government knows a lot more about you than you would like it to — these are obviously some of the ways in which technology reduces people’s sense of well-being. Detailed Reading_t6_Daily … Translate this sentence into Chinese. Detailed Reading 日常生活的压力、一种令人烦恼的失望感、对政府知道你的情况超 出你希望程度的恐惧感 —— 这些显然都是技术降低了人们幸福感的 几个方面。

42. …the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. Detailed Reading_t6_…the Detailed Reading What does this sentence mean? …the longer life people live in the world, the happier they feel they’ll be.

43. As much as we should worry about the rising cost of health care and the problem of the uninsured, it’s also worth remembering how valuable for our spirits as well as our bodies are the benefits that medical technology has brought us. Detailed Reading_t7_As much … 1. Who are the “uninsured”? Detailed Reading people who don’t enjoy health care insurance. 2. How does medical technology benefit people according to this sentence? It benefits people both physically and mentally.

44. … what the technological improvement of our health and our longevity emphasizes is a paradox of any discussion of happiness on a national or a global level… Detailed Reading_t7_what… Detailed Reading What does this sentence imply? …the fact that technology has greatly improved people’s health and life expectancy is just contradictory to the general claim at any level that technology cannot bring happiness to people.

45. …even though people may not be happier, even though they are wealthier and possess more technology, they’re still as hungry as ever for more time. Detailed Reading_t7_…even Detailed Reading Translate this sentence into Chinese. 即使人们不会更幸福，即使他们更加富裕并拥有更多技术，他们还 会像以前那样渴望长寿。

46. gross: a. general, total Detailed Reading_t1_ gross gross domestic product (GDP) Detailed Reading His gross annual income, before tax, is just $12, 000. 国内生产总值 这个包裹连盒子总重量是十公斤。 The gross weight of the package is 10 kilos, including the box.

47. triple: v. (cause to) grow to three times the amount or number Detailed Reading_t1_triple Detailed Reading Apartments with generous spaces in this area will triple in value. 新设备的引进使我们的产量增加到了三倍。 The introduction of new equipment has tripled the output. World fuel consumption has tripled since World War Ⅱ.

48. life expectancy: Detailed Reading_t1_life expectancy1 the length of time that a person or animal is expected to live Detailed Reading Women still have a longer life expectancy than men. 这个部落人的平均寿命是 40 岁。 The average life expectancy of the people in this tribe is 40 years. low life expectancy 预期寿命短 high life expectancy 预期寿命长 a life expectancy of 50 years 预期寿命 50 年 Collocations:

49. soar: vi. Detailed Reading_t1_soar rise rapidly or to a very high level Detailed Reading Unexpectedly the jet crashed shortly after it soared into the air. Industrial unemployment has soared to 40%, which is threatening the social stability.

50. boom: n. Detailed Reading_t1_boom a (period of) rapid growth or increase Detailed Reading This country’s economy development has contributed a lot to the boom in world trade. 我们必须要意识到 90 年代的经济繁荣已经结束了。 We have to realize that the economic boom in 90s is over now.

51. entertainment: n. Detailed Reading_t1_entertainment sth., esp. a public performance, that amuses Detailed Reading Las Vegas is one of the biggest entertainment centers in the US. 适当的娱乐对于情感和心理的健康是必要的。 Appropriate entertainment is necessary for emotional and psychological health. Our agency supplies live entertainment for private or corporation parties.

52. formal: a. Detailed Reading_t2_formal suitable for official occasions, serious writing, etc. but not for ordinary conversation Detailed Reading We should be formal on business occasions, and never call anyone by their first name. You shouldn’t use “Yours faithfully” — it’s much too formal for this kind of letter. 我们在商务场合应该讲究礼仪, 不要对别人直呼其名。 formal curriculum 正式课程 formal dress 礼服 formal effectiveness 正式生效 formal style 正式文体 Collocations:

53. survey: n. Detailed Reading_t2_ survey 1 a general examination or study, esp. carried out by asking people questions Detailed Reading 最近的调查发现学生希望在课堂上有更多的时间练习口语。 The recent survey found that students wanted to spend more time practicing speaking in class. In a survey conducted by a leading travel firm, the Canary Islands were the most popular vacation spot.

54. Detailed Reading_t2_survey2 Detailed Reading 这些名词均有 “ 调查 ” 之意。 普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询。 一般指系统的调查，以了解希望发现或需要知道的事。 多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。 1. A / An by airline officials has shown that the crash was caused by human error. 2. Out of curiosity, she made about the guy who dated her sister. 3. This report was based on a / an our group carried out in the past two months. 4. Some of the people under have been accused of spying. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. survey______ investigation___________ inquiries _______ investigation __________ CF: inquiry, investigation & survey inquiry investigation survey

55. on average: in most cases; usually Detailed Reading_t2_on average Detailed Reading On average, 18% of our daily calories come from sugar. 我国成年人平均每天抽烟五根。 Adults in our country smoke on average five cigerattes every day.

56. when it comes to : Detailed Reading_t3_ when it comes to Detailed Reading when it concerns When it comes to this matter, people’s opinions vary. 在记者招待会上，当提到这位影星的私人生活时，他总是保 持沉默。 这个问题大家众说纷纭。 At the press conference, when it came to his personal life, the movie star always kept silence.

57. correlation: n. Detailed Reading_t3_ correlation Detailed Reading a structural, functional, or qualitative correspondence between two things There is an obvious correlation between sun bath and skin cancer. In tests, there was no correlation found between diet and intelligence.

58. phenomenon: n. Detailed Reading_t4_ 补 phenomenon Detailed Reading an occurrence, a circumstance, or a fact that is perceptible by the senses. An eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon. 月蚀是罕见的现象。 对数学的透彻理解有助于解释各种各样的自然现象。 A thorough understanding of mathematics helps explain a wide range of natural phenomena.

59. at work: having an effect on sth. Detailed Reading_t4_ 补 -at work Detailed Reading The pills are at work, and he is sleeping like a log now. 经济学家们正在研究通货膨胀在经济中的作用。 Economists are now studying the inflationary forces at work in the economy.

60. frustrating: a. Detailed Reading_t4_ 补 frustrate 1 Detailed Reading annoying; discouraging Many learners find it frustrating that they can’t speak the second language well enough after a long time of study, and then quit. 随着孩子们渐渐长大，他们开始反抗父母的管束。 As they grow older, kids begin to rebel against the restraints imposed by their parents. Recovery from a serious accident can be a slow and frustrating process.

61. Detailed Reading_t4_ 补 frustrate 2 Detailed Reading to cause feelings of discouragementfrustrate: v. frustration: n. the state of being frustrated frustrated: a. Lack of progress in recovery frustrates her greatly. 康复没什么起色, 这让她很灰心。 The world-famous director once was a frustrated actor. 这位世界闻名的导演曾是个不得志的演员。 being in a state of upset or discouragement In children’s education, it’s necessary to develop their ability to endure frustration. 在儿童教育中，培养他们的耐挫能力是有必要的。

62. make no difference: Detailed Reading_t4_ make no difference Detailed Reading not matter at all The child always felt neglected by his family, and no matter how hard he tried to do everything, it made no difference. You can have a single or double room, — it makes no difference to the price.

63. come to mind: make (one) suddenly think of Detailed Reading_t4_ come to mind Detailed Reading The moment when he locked the door, it came to his mind that he left his wallet in the room. 看到这幅图，你第一个会想到什么东西？ At sight of this picture, what is the first thing that comes to your mind?

64. consciously: ad. Detailed Reading_t4_consciously doing sth. with intention Detailed Reading Most school teacher don’t discriminate their students consciously. She proceeded, quite consciously, to destroy their relationship through neglect and indifference.

65. fragile: a. Detailed Reading_t4_fragile1 Detailed Reading easily broken or damaged The porcelain plates are so fragile that we must handle them with care. 建立在利益基础上的友谊是脆弱的。 Friendship based on interest is fragile. Two ambulance attendants picked up his fragile body and put him onto a stretcher.

66. Detailed Reading_t4_ fragile 2 Detailed Reading 这些形容词均有 “ 虚弱的，乏力的 ” 意思。 普通用词，指缺乏应有的力量，可用于身体、意志或精神。 指身体衰弱无力，精力几乎耗尽，含令人怜悯的意味。 多指因经常生病而身体虚弱。 可与 frail 换用，但语气强，强调脆弱，指人表示容易生病， 指物表示容易破碎。 1. He was born a child and was taken care of by all the family. 2. This is a and unconvincing argument. 3. Keep the child away from the glasses on the table. 4. The rescuers heard a cry out of the wreckage. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. fragile______ frail ____ weak _____ feeble ______ CF: weak, feeble, frail & fragile weak feeble frail fragile

67. monitor: vt. Detailed Reading_t4_ monitor 1 Detailed Reading watch or listen to (sth.) carefully over a certain period of time for a special purpose Satellite technology means that enemy airwaves can be monitored more closely than ever before. 我们将会监督他的表现, 看看他是否能有所进步。 We will monitor his performance to see if he can make some progress.

68. Detailed Reading_t4_ monitor 2 Detailed Reading 这些动词均含 “ 偷听，窃听 ” 之意。 多指在别人不注意或不知道的情况下偶然听到谈话的内容。 指在室内等处安装窃听器以窃听他人的谈话内容。 通常指用仪器设备偷听别人的谈话内容。 1. Be careful what you say; our conversation may be being. 2. I their quarrelling when I passed the office. 3. The doctor is the patient’s pulse. 4. I haven’t been informed of this, just it. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. monitoring_________ bugged ______ overheard________ overheard________ CF: overhear, bug & monitor overhear bug monitor

69. disrupt: vt. Detailed Reading_t4_disrupt Detailed Reading bring or throw into disorder Protesters disrupted the candidate’s speech. Moving to a new school can easily disrupt a child’s education, especially between the ages of eleven and sixteen. 转校，尤其是在 11 岁至 16 岁之间，很容易打断一个孩子的教育。 disrupt traffic 引起交通混乱 disrupt schedule 扰乱计划 disrupt public order 扰乱治安 Collocations:

70. fracture: v. Detailed Reading_t4_ fracture1 Detailed Reading The old lady fell down the stairs, and her right leg fractured in two places. 他被提名破坏了权利的微妙平衡。 老妇人摔下楼梯，右腿两处骨折。 The nomination of him fractured the delicate balance of power. It seemed that his heart would burst with happiness. 看上去他心中的快乐快要爆发出来。 这些动词均含 “ 打破、弄碎 ” 之意。 指某物因内部或外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或胀破。 例如： 多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体表现呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、 裂开，但一般没成碎片。例如： Seeing the ice crack, he quit the idea of skating on it. 看到冰裂开了，他打消了溜冰的念头。 CF: burst, crack, fracture & smash burst crack (cause to) break or crack

71. Detailed Reading_t4_ fracture 2 Detailed Reading He was X-rayed and was founded that he had fractured his skull. 他照了 X 光，发现头骨破裂。 比 crack 的破裂程度更深更严重，常指断裂，医学上指骨折。 例如： 指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形。例如： The car smashed into the wall, and was all ruined, but luckily the driver survived. 汽车撞上了一堵墙，完全毁了，幸好驾驶员活了下来。 fracture smash

72. prominence: n. Detailed Reading_t4_prominence Detailed Reading the quality or condition of being prominent. Some young writers born in 80s have recently come to prominence. The newspapers are giving the affair considerable prominence. 一些生于 80 年代的青年作家们近来已经崭露头角。 各报都以相当的重要性报道了那件事。

73. gradual: a. Detailed Reading_t4_gradual Detailed Reading happening or developing slowly and by degrees; not sudden The gradual increase in income has improved our family’s life. 逐步的恢复对病人和医生来说都是鼓舞人心的。 The gradual recovery is encouraging not only to the patient but to the doctors as well.

74. isolation: n. Detailed Reading_t4_isolation Detailed Reading the quality or condition of being isolated. The tribe lives in isolation, keeping hold of its traditions. Children are not permitted to visit patients in isolation wards.

75. for certain: Detailed Reading_t5_for certain Detailed Reading without doubt AC Milan are going to win the cup for certain. They are so much better than the opposition. Taxation is for certain going to be the key issue to the President’s campaign. 毫无疑问, 税收将会成为总统竞选的关键问题。

76. be stuck with: Detailed Reading_t5_be stuck with Detailed Reading have or deal with sth. unwanted unwillingly Jill asked me to take care of her little son, so I had to be stuck with the naughty boy for a whole weekend, which almost drove me crazy. As a result of the financial collapse, many people are stuck with worthless investments.

77. build … into: Detailed Reading_t5_build … into Detailed Reading make (sth.) a part of a system, agreement, etc. The government is focusing on building stability into the economy. Integrity has been built into our corporation’s culture. 正直已经根植于我们的企业文化之中。 政府正致力于建立经济的稳定性。

78. annoying: a. Detailed Reading_t6_ annoying Detailed Reading causing anger or irritation; troublesome Unexpected visit from a salesman on a Sunday morning can be really annoying. 我们发现说明书很含糊，这很麻烦。 We find it annoying that the instructions are quite vague.

79. nasty: a. Detailed Reading_t6_ nasty1 Detailed Reading very ugly or unpleasant to see, taste, smell, etc. I almost threw up at sight of the nasty scene. 腐乳是中国的传统食物，它闻起来臭吃起来香。 Preserved bean curd is traditional Chinese food, which smells nasty, but tastes good.

80. Detailed Reading_t6_ nasty 2 Detailed Reading The poor child had to wash his own dirty clothes. 可怜的孩子得自己洗脏衣服。 We must get rid of the foul rubbish dump. 我们必须处理掉这堆恶臭的垃圾。 这些形容词均有 “ 脏的，污秽的 ” 意思。 普通用词，泛指被玷污或弄脏。例如： 指由于腐烂、恶臭等造成的不干净，令人恶心。例如： 主要指让特别讲究清洁的人感到讨厌的东西。 CF: dirty, foul & nasty dirty foul nasty Jenny doesn’t like the carpet they’ve chosen, and she thinks the color is nasty. 珍尼不喜欢他们挑的那块地毯，她觉得颜色很难看。

81. rough: a. Detailed Reading_t6_rough Detailed Reading not delicate or comfortable The coat is made of rough woolen cloth. Roars of rough laughter rang out from the other end of the bar. 这些形容词均有 “ 嘶哑的，沙哑的 ” 意思。 指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。 一般多指刺耳难听的声音。 指粗哑难听的声音。 CF: hoarse, harsh & rough hoarse rough harsh 1. The cry of a crow woke me up early in the morning. 2. Your engine sounds a bit. You’d better have it checked. 3. The fans shouted themselves during the game. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. rough _____ harsh_____ hoarse ______

82. After Reading_1.1 Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations 1. 国内生产总值 gross domestic product 2. 预期寿命 life expectancy 3. 富裕 well off 4. 平均 on average 5. 永恒的课题 an eternal subject 6. 工业革命 Industrial Revolution 7. 突破性研究成果 groundbreaking work 8. 人类命运 human lot 9. 就 …… 而言 when it comes to 10. 普遍现象 a universal phenomenon Listening Comprehension Writing Practice 11. 彩票中奖者 lottery winners 12. 幸福感 sense of well-being

83. After Reading_1.2 13. 起作用的原则 principles at work 14. 牢记在心 keep in mind 15. 没有影响 make no difference 16. 好歹 for good or ill 17. 身份资料失窃 identity theft 18. 想到 come to mind 19. 脆弱的隐私 fragile privacy 20. 联网的数据库 linked databases 21. 被 …… 缠住 be stuck with 22. 医疗技术 medical technology 23. 在更深层次上 on a deeper level 24. 渴望 be hungry for Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

84. After Reading_2.11 Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear some questions. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). 1. How do TV writers and producers try to gain more audience? A) Make TV contents more commercial. B) Make TV programs educational. C) Make TV contents easy to understand for most people. D) Try to get more sponsors for TV shows. 1. C 2. D 2. What is the main purpose of TV shows? A) The betterment of people’s souls B) The edification of society. C) Society’s best interests. D) The proliferation of money. Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

85. After Reading_2.12 3. Which of the following is not what the writer predicts? A) TV will become as large as a wall. B) TV will make writers and producer more artistic. C) TV will make its audience less smart. D) TV will kill people’s imagination. 3. B 4.A 5. C 4. What should we do to make a difference? A) Make our presence on one of excellence. B) Make a complaint about the bad TV programs. C) Try to be less involved in TV programming. D) Make television a combination of art and technology. 5. Which of the following statement is false? A) Current television programs are not intelligence challenging. B) People keep watching TV programs that they complain about. C) Television will continue to speed up our life. D) TV programs have made television a flawed media. Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

86. After Reading_2.13 How do US television shows operate? In order to gain the widest audience possible, writers and producers make sure a show’s content doesn’t exceed a seventh-grade education. Television shows are primarily the result of commercialism. What many consider bad TV content happens to be what makes the most money. TV businessmen act not as shepherds for the betterment of our souls, but rather as high priests for bringing in dollars. The bottom line is not the edification of society, but the proliferation of money. It’s a business after all. Like many businesses in this country, it does not necessarily have society’s best interests in mind. If it ever did, television doesn’t challenge us anymore. Consumerism and current marketing theory ensure that television will be somewhat “dumb”. It’s like, as one person put it, we’re being lobotomized by TV. Even though life is speeding up through technology, in some ways it seems to be slowing down. We might one day have flat, wall-sized TV’s, but we might also have less intelligent and imaginative people. Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

87. After Reading_2.14 Television, which is supposed to be a combination of art and technology, — like many forms the two — is not flawed itself, but becomes so by the images, ideas and messages given through it. Were we more involved in television programming, were our current presence on TV one of more excellence, were we actually not watching the things which we are complaining about — then the content of American television might be quite different. Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice Question 1. Question 2. Question 3. Question 4. Question 5. How do TV writers and producers try to gain more audience? What is the main purpose of TV shows? Which of the following is not what the writer predicts? What should we do to make a difference? Which of the following statement is false?

88. After Reading_3 Directions: An alien’s visit to the earthDrama name: In this section, you are supposed to work in groups to prepare a mini drama for about 10 minutes. Each group are expected to choose one ending out of the two offered below. Complete the story first and then dramatize it. Kwashi is an alien from an undeveloped planet and comes to the earth by chance. He makes friends with some college students. Surprised by the technological products he comes across, he asks his friends to explain them, such as cell phones, cameras, computers, etc. Situation: Kwashi, two to three college studentsCharacters: a. Fascinated by the modern technology, Kwashi decides to stay on this planet to be an Earthman. b. Missing the simple life on his own mother planet, Kwashi eventually decides to go back home. Possible endings: Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

89. After Reading_4 Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

90. After Reading_4_1 Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

91. After Reading_4_1 Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

92. After Reading_4_1 Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

93. After Reading_4_1 Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

94. After Reading_5 China set up its first mobile phone network in 1987 and took a decade to reach 10 million customers. Now with the fast development of wireless industry, as many as one in every three Chinese citizens has a mobile. Mobile phone brings us conveniences as well as troubles. Write an essay of about 150 words to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of using mobile according to the outline given below: 1) a brief description of the mobile phone using in China; 2) the advantages of mobile phone; 3) the disadvantages of mobile phone; 4) your own opinion. Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

95. After Reading_6.1 1. Happiness consists in contentment. 知足常乐。 2. Technology is dominated by two types of people: those who understand what they do not manage, and those who manage what they do not understand. 科技受两种人支配，一种是理解他们所无法掌控的，另一种是掌控 着他们所无法理解的。 3. Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. — Franklin Roosevelt, American president 幸福不在于拥有金钱，而在于获得成就时的喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。 —— 美国总统 F. 罗斯福 4. The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved. — Victor Hugo, French novelist 生活中最大的幸福是坚信有人爱我们。 —— 法国小说家 V. 雨果 Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice

96. After Reading_6.2 5. There is an evil tendency underlying all our technology — the tendency to do what is reasonable even when it isn't any good. — Robert Pirsig, American philosopher 我们的科技潜藏着一个不幸的倾向，那就是去做合理的事，即使它并 无任何好处。 —— 美国哲学家 R. 普西格 6. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants. If we continue to develop our technology without wisdom and prudence, our servant may prove to be our executioner. — Omar Bradley, American general 这是个只有核巨人和道德侏儒的世界。如果我们继续无知而随意地发展 科技， 我们的仆人也许就是我们的掘墓人。 —— 美国上将 O. 布雷德利 Useful Expressions Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Writing Practice