1. INJURIES TO SKIN BTEC SPORTS SCIENCE LESSON 2

2. BLISTERS Mainly found on the foot but also on the hand. Mainly found on the foot but also on the hand. Small blisters – leave or cover with special dressing Small blisters – leave or cover with special dressing Large – Make small incision with sterile needle remove tissue fluid. Use antiseptic and cover special dressing. Large – Make small incision with sterile needle remove tissue fluid. Use antiseptic and cover special dressing.

3. ABRASION The surface of the skin is grazed so the top layer is removed/scraped off. The surface of the skin is grazed so the top layer is removed/scraped off. Can be large or small leaving a raw tender area Can be large or small leaving a raw tender area Easily infected Easily infected Clean thoroughly and dress if weeping Clean thoroughly and dress if weeping Leave uncovered when possible Leave uncovered when possible

4. LACERATION Depends on severity – stop the bleeding Depends on severity – stop the bleeding Pressure and dress – take to casualty if necessary. Pressure and dress – take to casualty if necessary. Check if the person has had a recent tetanus injection. Check if the person has had a recent tetanus injection.

5. STUDENT TASK What are possible causes for all injuries given to skin? What are possible causes for all injuries given to skin? Could they have been prevented? Could they have been prevented? If so how? If so how? Discuss results with the rest of the class. Discuss results with the rest of the class.

6. RESULTS Shoes too tight or too lose Shoes too tight or too lose Support around heal inadequate Support around heal inadequate Socks made of nylon, heavy seams and incorrect size. Socks made of nylon, heavy seams and incorrect size. Running too many miles. Running too many miles. Holding equipment incorrectly Holding equipment incorrectly Excessive time spent on sporting activity. Excessive time spent on sporting activity.

7. INJURIES TO TENDONS BTEC SPORTS SCIENCE

8. Part of the structure of a muscle but have their own specific injuries Part of the structure of a muscle but have their own specific injuries Have a very poor blood supply Have a very poor blood supply High tensile strength due to compact collagen fibres. High tensile strength due to compact collagen fibres. Limited elasticity which decreases with age Limited elasticity which decreases with age Injuries vary from inflammation to complete rupture Injuries vary from inflammation to complete rupture

9. TENDON Partial Rupture Partial Rupture Fairly common Fairly common A sudden sharp pain in the tendon. A sudden sharp pain in the tendon. Stiffness first thing in the morning. Stiffness first thing in the morning. A small swelling in the tendon. A small swelling in the tendon. Total Rupture Total Rupture A sudden sharp pain may hear snap A sudden sharp pain may hear snap You will be unable to walk properly and unable to stand on tip toe You will be unable to walk properly and unable to stand on tip toe There will be a lot of swelling There will be a lot of swelling

10. COMMON INJURIES Slight pain and tenderness due to inflammation found where the tendon attaches to the bone (1) Slight pain and tenderness due to inflammation found where the tendon attaches to the bone (1) Is the inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (called the synovium) that surrounds a tendon. (3) Is the inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (called the synovium) that surrounds a tendon. (3) Similar to previous condition but in tendons which do not have a sheath. (4) Similar to previous condition but in tendons which do not have a sheath. (4) Where the tendon joins the bone and excessive strain is placed upon it. In severe cases a small piece of bone may be avulsed. (2) Where the tendon joins the bone and excessive strain is placed upon it. In severe cases a small piece of bone may be avulsed. (2)

11. Tendonitus Tendon Insertion strain TendosynovitusPeri-tendonitis

12. TREATMENT Tendons cannot easily heal from damage, which makes medical intervention necessary when one is injured. Tendons cannot easily heal from damage, which makes medical intervention necessary when one is injured. If tendons are damaged, anti- inflammatory drugs are used to bring the swelling down. If tendons are damaged, anti- inflammatory drugs are used to bring the swelling down. Complete rest for a long period of time is generally mandatory. Complete rest for a long period of time is generally mandatory. If tendons tear completely, surgical intervention is necessary to reconnect the tissue to the bone If tendons tear completely, surgical intervention is necessary to reconnect the tissue to the bone

13. STUDENT TASK Since it is used so frequently, it is one of the most commonly damaged tendons. What is it called? Since it is used so frequently, it is one of the most commonly damaged tendons. What is it called? Where is it located? Where is it located? What actions would be prohibited? What actions would be prohibited? What are the functions of tendon? What are the functions of tendon? Describe its structure. Describe its structure.

15. INJURIES TO LIGAMENTS BTEC SPORTS SCIENCE

16. Bind bones together at joints Bind bones together at joints Have enormous tensile strength which reduces with age. Have enormous tensile strength which reduces with age. Slightly more elastic fibres than tendons Slightly more elastic fibres than tendons Limited to 6% stretch and then they will tear. Limited to 6% stretch and then they will tear. Poor blood supply which makes for a slow healing and rehabilitation process. Poor blood supply which makes for a slow healing and rehabilitation process.

17. GRADED 1 -3 Minor Strain – A few fibres torn Minor Strain – A few fibres torn Partial Rupture – Painful with limited movement. Partial Rupture – Painful with limited movement. Total Rupture – Very painful LOF, rapid effusion causing increased swelling. Total Rupture – Very painful LOF, rapid effusion causing increased swelling.

18. Rehabilitation R.I.C.E.D 1- Quick 2 – 6-10 Weeks 3 – Immediate medical attention, often surgery and a slow recovery

19. STUDENT TASK What are the 6 joints found in the body? What are the 6 joints found in the body? Give an example of where they can be found. Give an example of where they can be found. What are the movements at the joints? What are the movements at the joints? Why are some joints more prone to injury than others? Why are some joints more prone to injury than others?

20. STUDENT TASK Why do ligament injuries take longer to heal than say muscular injuries? Why do ligament injuries take longer to heal than say muscular injuries? Do they repair fully? Do they repair fully? Which is the most frequently injured and suggest why? Which is the most frequently injured and suggest why? Does strength decrease? Does strength decrease?