1. China and The Communist Revolution

2. I. Vocab Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) – leader of the Chinese Communist Party, founded in 1921 and established an army of 40,000 people The Long March – retreat of 100,000 Communist from the nationalists crossing 6,000 miles, 18 mountain ranges, 24 rivers and lasted nearly a year Chiang Kai-shek – leader of the nationalist party in 1928, after Sun Yat-sen’s death in 1925, he favored a capitalist state supported by a military dictatorship

3. II. The End of the Dynasties Many western educated Chinese wanted a more modern China with a democratic government. 1. Sun Yat-sen founded the Nationalist Party and overthrew the Qing Dynasty to begin The Republic of China. 2. As the Nationalist Party struggled with the new republic, other political powers began including the communist party.

4. III. Civil War A. The Nationalist Party and the Communist Party had many clashes over the years. B. The Nationalists launched a full military assault on the communists C. The Communist Party had to flee to northern China—this is called The Long March. Chiang Kai-shek leader of Nationalist Party Mao Zedong leader of Communist Party

5. IV The Long March 1. 100,000 people walked 6,000 miles to escape from the Nationalist Party. 2. During The Long March Mao Zedong became the official leader of the party.

6. The Long March

7. V. The Nationalist Party A. The Nationalist republic maintained control through 1949. They improved transportation, provided a better education to more people, and encouraged industry. B However, peasants and workers lives were not improved…

8. VI. Communism in China A. In 1949 the Communist Party wins the civil war. B. Mao declares China a communist state called The People’s Republic of China. C. Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist Party flee to the island of Taiwan and establish The Republic of China. D. 30-Year Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance signed with USSR

9. VI. Communism in China E. Taiwan continues as The Republic of China and claims to still be the only legitimate government. F. Taiwan and China never reach a peace agreement G. China claims ownership of Taiwan

10. VII. The First Stage of Communism 1. A five year plan brought all industry under the government’s control. 2. Land was seized from the wealthy and given to the peasants. to form collective farms. 3. Massive Industrialization and collectivization of industry

11. VIII. The Great Leap Forward 1. Collective Farms became huge communes—25,000 peasants living together! 2. Poor production, droughts, and floods caused one of the worst famines in history. 3. China traded grain to the USSR in exchange for machinery 4. In two years 20-40 million people starved to death.

12. IV. The Cultural Revolution 1. To maintain control Chairman Mao launched the Cultural Revolution to remove opposition to the Communist Party. 2. Focused on students and young people 3. Sought to rid china of the “olds” Old Customs, Old Culture, Old Habits, and Old Ideas

13. IV. Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution punished people who spoke against communism or the government. Artist were forced to create propaganda supporting communism. Mao published book of sayings that every person was forced to read and own

14. V. Human Rights A. Following the years of the Cultural Revolution the economy weakened and the government was unable to perform their duties such as health care and education. B. Gov. sought to control through force C. Many Chinese called for reform. D. Mao Zedong died in 1976 and the Cultural Revolution ended.

15. V. Human Rights Deng Xiaoping took power in 1977. Opens up diplomatic relations with the west. Continues repression of human rights. President Nixon and Chairman Mao had a historic meeting in 1972. The U.S. had not met with China since 1949.

16. VI. Tiananmen Square - 1989 June 3-4 1989 Student protest against human rights abuses. Protests start in Beijing and spread to over 400 Cities Chinese mobilize 300,000 troops and heavy machinery, including tanks 10,000 people arrested and several thousand were presumed killed China denies the incident to this day.

17. VI. Tiananmen Square - 1989 Student protest against human rights abuses.

18. VII. Hong Kong A. 1997 Hong Kong is given back to China. B. China is forced to promise to let Hong Kong continue having political freedoms C. China agrees to a 1 country 2 systems policy D. China is systematically reducing Hong Kong autonomy by forcing pro-communist laws.