2. Gardner and Gardner 1969 Teaching sign language to a Chimpanzee

3. Which animals can talk? Waggle dance Is this language or communication? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vaszh2bY3mc& feature=related

4. Read the context and aims section Handout – ‘How to answer exam questions’, complete QUESTION ONE for this study Remember - You will have approximately 15 mins in the exam

5. Check learning

6. Washoe Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUwOvF7 TqgA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUwOvF7 TqgA

7. Procedure Weblink to explore ASL further ttp://www.aslpro.com/cgi- bin/aslpro/aslpro.cgi Teach your chimp class mates some of Washoe’s words from the following slide

8. DOG - Just slap your leg twice Flower - Touch a "squished O-hand" to your cheek on one side of your nose and then the other. Shoe - closing both hands and whacking them together twice: Cup - Diagram below and small repeated movements

9. Procedures Question 2 Read through the procedure section of your hand out and complete a model answer for question 2 Remember you will have about 15 mins to complete this in the exam

10. Check learning

11. Question 3 Findings and conclusions 1.Complete the graph 2.Choose words to describe the different types of words Washoe acquired, and the progress made 3.Complete the first two paragraphs of an ideal answer for this question. 4.Watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soXBLBCaClAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soXBLBCaClA 5.Add a 3 rd paragraph explaining how Washoe’s language acquisition resembles the way infants learn to talk 6. Add a final paragraph re conclusions of this study 1.Diff learning see original article for further findings relating to the different success of different language acquisition strategies

12. Check learning

13. Question 4 Evaluating methodology Answer questions on pages 5&6 Prepare ideal answer for question 5 using ‘How to answer questions’ hand out Diff learning; http://www.friendsofwasho e.org/

14. Learning check

15. Red Berry by Washoe http://langint.pri.kyoto- u.ac.jp/ai/en/album/the http://langint.pri.kyoto- u.ac.jp/ai/en/album/the _drawings_by_chimpanzees.html Enjoy looking at the drawings by chimpanzees by Kanzi, Washoe and Koko.

16. Critically assess with reference to alternative research Use three colours to highlight research that supports, contradicts, or develops Gardener and Gardner’s research. Prepare answers for question 5/6 using the hand out ‘How to answer questions’ Diff. learning is you can stand it! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =_kMj5SjzwXk Savage-Rumbaugh et al 1986

17. Eliza, computer therapist http://www.manifestation.com/neurotoys/eliza. php3 There is a difference between being able to produce language and actually understanding it Perhaps Washoe and Eliza are similar

18. Areas covered Can you/Have you? Enough information to answer any of the Unit 2 questions on Gardner and Gardner TO ABOVE YOUR TARGET GRADE?

19. Differentiated Learning Further work on language has been conducted on many animals, including Kanzi, a bonobo. Kanzi used a lexigram board, a board with visual symbols representing words and concepts. You can find out more about Kanzi at http://greatapetrust.org/kanzi-an-ape-of-genius-part- 1.html/ http://greatapetrust.org/kanzi-an-ape-of-genius-part- 1.html/ www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyld=5503685- a radio station with an accompanying funny video of Kanzi. www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyld=5503685- a

20. Differentiated Learning Follow the progress of Washoe’s children on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/faunafoundation Should Chimpanzees Be Given Human Rights? http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2007/05/should_chimp anz/ Ethical Issues http://www.friendsofwashoe.org/#stq=ethics&stp=1 Follow this link for a quiz on Gardner and Gardner’s study: http://www.holah.karoo.net/gardnermulti.htm