1. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 Characteristics on Waste Disposing Behavior and Density Distribution of Combustible Waste Bag ○ Shinya Suzuki, Masachika Yamashita, Ayako Tachifuji, Yasushi Matsufuji Department of Civil Engineering, Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan ssuzuki@fukuoka-u.ac.jp E-mail: ssuzuki@fukuoka-u.ac.jp

2. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 1-1 Background 2) Some municipalities convert way of waste collection bringstation - from “bring” collection method (“station” collection) curbsidedoor to door - to “curbside” collection method (“door to door” collection) 2) Some municipalities convert way of waste collection bringstation - from “bring” collection method (“station” collection) curbsidedoor to door - to “curbside” collection method (“door to door” collection) commonmultiple - specify common waste collection point for multiple households Each household entrance of housing - Each household dispose of waste in front of entrance of housing waste generator’s responsibilitywaste separation - clarify waste generator’s responsibility, stimulate waste separation Each household entrance of housing - Each household dispose of waste in front of entrance of housing waste generator’s responsibilitywaste separation - clarify waste generator’s responsibility, stimulate waste separation 1)Increasing number of municipalities charge begun “charge” for waste collection - to realize a recycling-oriented society” - facilitate to give economical incentive for waste reduction and recycling Pay-as-you-throw - in many cases, “Pay-as-you-throw” system specified waste bag - by using specified waste bag - facilitate to gather “charge” effectively 1)Increasing number of municipalities charge begun “charge” for waste collection - to realize a recycling-oriented society” - facilitate to give economical incentive for waste reduction and recycling Pay-as-you-throw - in many cases, “Pay-as-you-throw” system specified waste bag - by using specified waste bag - facilitate to gather “charge” effectively

3. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 1-2 Objective Pay-as-you-throw Introduction of “Pay-as-you-throw” system - stimulate through waste separation and recycling - has effect on waste reduction waste generationcollection How about influence on waste generation and collection ? Pay-as-you-throw Introduction of “Pay-as-you-throw” system - stimulate through waste separation and recycling - has effect on waste reduction waste generationcollection How about influence on waste generation and collection ? For better management on waste collection, waste disposing behavior To clarify characteristics on waste disposing behavior - under “door to door” collection method - by using specified waste bag - How often ? - How many capacities ? - How many bags ? For better management on waste collection, waste disposing behavior To clarify characteristics on waste disposing behavior - under “door to door” collection method - by using specified waste bag - How often ? - How many capacities ? - How many bags ?

4. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 2-1 Study Area Fukuoka city, Japan One district in “Fukuoka city” - 1,664 peoples - 673 households - 0.17 km 2 9,800 - 9,800 people/km 2 One district in “Fukuoka city” - 1,664 peoples - 673 households - 0.17 km 2 9,800 - 9,800 people/km 2 Fukuoka citymunicipal combustible waste In “Fukuoka city”, for municipal combustible waste, - “Pay-as-you-throw” system- “door to door” collection 15 litterstwice - 15 litters (15 yen/bag)- twice a week in night time 30 litters - 30 litters (30 yen/bag) 45 litters - 45 litters (45 yen/bag) Fukuoka citymunicipal combustible waste In “Fukuoka city”, for municipal combustible waste, - “Pay-as-you-throw” system- “door to door” collection 15 litterstwice - 15 litters (15 yen/bag)- twice a week in night time 30 litters - 30 litters (30 yen/bag) 45 litters - 45 litters (45 yen/bag)

5. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 2-2 Analytical Methods Actual measurement surveyamount of waste Actual measurement survey on amount of waste - to clarify actual status on waste disposing - on March 7th 2006, March 10th, March 14th, March 17th, continuously Actual measurement surveyamount of waste Actual measurement survey on amount of waste - to clarify actual status on waste disposing - on March 7th 2006, March 10th, March 14th, March 17th, continuously 50 sample households 50 sample households - with a variety of household size - using specified collection point disposedwaste bagwaste generator - identify relationship between disposed waste bag and waste generator 50 sample households 50 sample households - with a variety of household size - using specified collection point disposedwaste bagwaste generator - identify relationship between disposed waste bag and waste generator retention time - enable to confirm retention time in each waste bag frequency - Disposing frequency Number - Number of waste bag Capacity - Capacity of waste bag Weight - Weight of waste bag retention time - enable to confirm retention time in each waste bag frequency - Disposing frequency Number - Number of waste bag Capacity - Capacity of waste bag Weight - Weight of waste bag Density of waste bag - Density of waste bag

6. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 3-1-1) Actual Status on Disposing Pattern half Only half of households did not always take waste out ! notregularity - not have regularity for disposing pattern of waste bag half Only half of households did not always take waste out ! notregularity - not have regularity for disposing pattern of waste bag Every time: 27 27 households 3 times: 12 12 households 2 times: 7 7 households 1 time: 1 1 household 16 patterns in 4-time collection - forgotten ? - purposely ? - forgotten ? - purposely ?

7. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 3-1-2) Summation of Waste Disposing Pattern Not always disposed 45 litter 30 (or 15) litter More than 2 kinds More than 2 bags 1 bag More than 4 peoples From 1 to 3 peoples Always disposed disposing frequency profile of waste bag Relationship between disposing frequency and profile of waste bag 70%1 kind many household ! - 70% of household using only 1 kind of waste bag (many household !) - Even though household less than 3 times, 45 litters using 45 litters of bag, not 30 or 15 litters of bag disposing frequency profile of waste bag Relationship between disposing frequency and profile of waste bag 70%1 kind many household ! - 70% of household using only 1 kind of waste bag (many household !) - Even though household less than 3 times, 45 litters using 45 litters of bag, not 30 or 15 litters of bag

8. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 3-1-3) Number of Waste Bag disposed forgot Few households actually forgot taking waste out Many households adjustment Many households kept from disposing for adjustment of amount of waste ?? forgot Few households actually forgot taking waste out Many households adjustment Many households kept from disposing for adjustment of amount of waste ??

9. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 3-2-1) Density Distribution of Waste Bag Density of waste bag (at each collection point) - Wide distribution 0.08 - 0.10 - Mode value: 0.08 - 0.10 (kg/L) Density of waste bag (at each collection point) - Wide distribution 0.08 - 0.10 - Mode value: 0.08 - 0.10 (kg/L) Conventional “apparent density” (at pit incineration plant) 0.20 - Mean value: 0.20 (kg/L) Conventional “apparent density” (at pit incineration plant) 0.20 - Mean value: 0.20 (kg/L) Cumulative frequency 0.20 - indicate 100% near 0.20 (kg/L) Cumulative frequency 0.20 - indicate 100% near 0.20 (kg/L) In fact, waste bag can be fulfilled with 0.20 (kg/L) of waste, but actually, full Many households feel waste bag “full” around 0.08 – 0.10 (kg/L) In fact, waste bag can be fulfilled with 0.20 (kg/L) of waste, but actually, full Many households feel waste bag “full” around 0.08 – 0.10 (kg/L)

10. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 3-2-2) Density simultaneously disposed from each collection day before Left part: already entered waste full into 1st bag before collection day Right part: a large amount of waste at each collection day, 1 bag could not enter waste into 1 bag at the same time before Left part: already entered waste full into 1st bag before collection day Right part: a large amount of waste at each collection day, 1 bag could not enter waste into 1 bag at the same time

11. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 3-3-1) Estimated Way of Using Waste Bag 20% 12% 5% 25% 15% 5% 8% 70%

12. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4-1 Conclusions waste disposing behavior Actual status on waste disposing behavior density distribution of waste bag and density distribution of waste bag waste disposing behavior Actual status on waste disposing behavior density distribution of waste bag and density distribution of waste bag density of waste bag We newly introduced “density of waste bag” - to confirm waste disposing behavior 0.10 – 0.12 - 0.10 – 0.12 (kg/L) as full for many households density of waste bag We newly introduced “density of waste bag” - to confirm waste disposing behavior 0.10 – 0.12 - 0.10 – 0.12 (kg/L) as full for many households 45 litters High proportion of households used 45 litters of waste bag reducedfrequency - Many households reduced waste disposing frequency - not from bothering or forgetting adjustment - but from adjustment of amount of waste size - decided size of waste bag in advance amount - based on amount grasped from long time experience 45 litters High proportion of households used 45 litters of waste bag reducedfrequency - Many households reduced waste disposing frequency - not from bothering or forgetting adjustment - but from adjustment of amount of waste size - decided size of waste bag in advance amount - based on amount grasped from long time experience half Only half of households did not always take waste bag out

13. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions 4-2 Conclusions Capacity Capacity of waste bag decided by each municipality - influence waste disposing behavior Capacity Capacity of waste bag decided by each municipality - influence waste disposing behavior Important for municipalities to set up capacity of waste bag - considering amount of waste disposed - considering not apparent density but density of waste bag - Especially we must take care of introducing specified bag - Especially we must take care of introducing specified bag - under “Pay-as-you-throw” system Important for municipalities to set up capacity of waste bag - considering amount of waste disposed - considering not apparent density but density of waste bag - Especially we must take care of introducing specified bag - Especially we must take care of introducing specified bag - under “Pay-as-you-throw” system

14. Shinya Suzuki, Fukuoka University, Japan. APLAS Sapporo 2008 Thank you very much for your attention !