1. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America

2. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America Terms and People “big stick” diplomacy – Theodore Roosevelt’s approach to international relations that depended on a strong military to achieve its aims Monroe Doctrine - from 1823, stated the US would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere

3. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America Terms and People (continued) Roosevelt Corollary – Roosevelt’s addition to the Monroe Doctrine, which stated that the U.S. would intervene in Latin America in order to prevent European intervention “dollar diplomacy” – President Taft’s policy to encourage investment rather than use force in Latin America “moral diplomacy” – President Wilson’s policy to encourage human rights and opportunity rather than act in our own self-interest in Latin America

4. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America The status of Puerto Rico: ● In 1900, the Foraker Act authorized a civil government for Puerto Rico. ● A governor would be appointed by the U.S. President. ● In the Insular Cases the Supreme Court ruled that Puerto Ricans did not have the same rights or tax status as other Americans.

5. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America Cubans disliked the Platt Amendment but accepted their status since they were protected by the U.S. The Platt Amendment made it a protectorate of the United States which retained the rights to: Cuba became independent in 1902. approve or reject any treaty signed by Cuba. intervene to preserve order in Cuba. lease military bases in Cuba.

6. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America In 1904, President Roosevelt added his Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. Roosevelt saw it as America’s responsibility to “civilize” or uplift weaker nations. The U.S. would act as an “International Policeman” in the Western Hemisphere to prevent European intervention. He saw international leadership as a moral challenge the U.S. had to accept. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=s245IxMIp10

7. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America Roosevelt’s policy was called “big stick” diplomacy from his motto, “Speak softly but carry a big stick.” http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=wNAEJ 1uM7hs Cartoonists saw Roosevelt as a policeman in Latin America.

8. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America In treating of our foreign policy and of the attitude that this great Nation should assume in the world at large, it is absolutely necessary to consider the Army and the Navy, and the Congress, through which the thought of the Nation finds its expression, should keep ever vividly in mind the fundamental fact that it is impossible to treat our foreign policy, whether this policy takes shape in the effort to secure justice for others or justice for ourselves, save as conditioned upon the attitude we are willing to take toward our Army, and especially toward our Navy. It is not merely unwise, it is contemptible, for a nation, as for an individual, to use high-sounding language to proclaim its purposes, or to take positions which are ridiculous if unsupported by potential force, and then to refuse to provide this force. If there is no intention of providing and keeping the force necessary to back up a strong attitude, then it is far better not to assume such an attitude. If these self-evident truths are kept before us, and only if they are so kept before us, we shall have a clear idea of what our foreign policy in its larger aspects should be. It is our duty to remember that a nation has no more right to do injustice to another nation, strong or weak, than an individual has to do injustice to another individual; that the same moral law applies in one case as in the other. But we must also remember that it is as much the duty of the Nation to guard its own rights and its own interests as it is the duty of the individual so to do.

9. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America

10. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America Big Stick Policy today Syrian Civil War-why would the U.S. get involved? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOaNihiTKRQ What other actions have we taken that demonstrate this kind of foreign policy?

11. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America The U.S. needed permission from Colombia which owned the Isthmus of Panama. Colombia wanted more money than the United States was willing to pay. Roosevelt encouraged Panamanian rebels to declare independence. The United States recognized the Panamanian government in 1904. Roosevelt negotiated to lease the “Canal Zone” from the new Panamanian government for $10 million plus an annual rent. The Panama Canal was constructed between 1904–1913

12. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America Construction of the canal was a tremendous engineering feat that involved tens of thousands of workers.

13. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America Rather than emphasizing military force, Taft looked to increase American investments in plantations, mines, and railroads. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=oGKY4m5IUD8http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=oGKY4m5IUD8 In 1909 William Howard Taft became President. He replaced the “big stick,” which was unpopular among Latin Americans, with “dollar diplomacy.” Taft did not dismiss the use of force as he sent troops into Nicaragua in 1909 and 1912.

14. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America The successful conduct of our foreign relations demands a broad and a modern view. We cannot meet new questions nor build for the future if we confine ourselves to outworn dogmas of the past and to the perspective appropriate at our emergence from colonial times and conditions. The opening of the Panama Canal will mark a new era in our international life and create new and worldwide conditions which, with their vast correlations and consequences, will obtain for hundreds of years to come. We must not wait for events to overtake us unawares. With continuity of purpose we must deal with the problems of our external relations by a diplomacy modern, resourceful, magnanimous, and fittingly expressive of the high ideals of a great nation. -President Taft

15. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America

16. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America President, Woodrow Wilson proclaimed a new policy of “moral diplomacy” in 1913. http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=XrNK9FgVsB8 http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=XrNK9FgVsB8 supported human rights and national integrity rather than U.S. self- interest stated that the U.S. needed to be a friend even when it was not in our best interests promised the U.S. would “never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest”

17. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America

18. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America Extra credit opportunity: 10 points-What is the current U.S. foreign policy in regards to the Middle East? Which imperial era foreign policy (Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft) is it most similar to? Why is it similar? Provide one news/government article that supports your claim (from reputable news websites such as Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Chicago Tribune, U.S. News and World Report, White House Official Website, CIA World Factbook, etc.). Length: 1 paragraph minimum. Due 1/24

19. Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 4 The United States and Latin America https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfsfoFqsFk4