1. 16.1 Electric Charge and Force I CAN: -UNDERSTAND THAT ELECTRICITY IS THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS THROUGH AN ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR -EXPLAIN THE CONCEPTS OF CURRENT, VOLTAGE, AND RESISTANCE AND HOW THEY INVOLVE THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS -RECALL THAT POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (VOLTAGE) ACROSS AN ENERGY SOURCE IS MEASURED IN POTENTIAL ENERGY IN JOULES AND IS EQUAL TO ONE JOULE (J) OF ENERGY PER COULOMB OF CHARGE (J/C) (MORE TO COME IN SECTION 2) -EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS IN TERMS OF HOW ELECTRONS FLOW THROUGHOUT A MATERIAL DUE TO HOW FIRMLY ELECTRONS ARE HELD BY THE NUCLEUS

2. Electric Charge How is voice carried through a telephone? What happens when you flip on a light switch? What happens when you step on something sharp. Electric Charge: properties of matter that creates electric and magnetic forces and interactions.

3. Opposites attract, like charges repel Balloon example… Two types of charges are called positive and negative. Hair=positive Balloon=negative When there are equal amounts, net charge is zero. What were the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons? Objects are made up of an enormous number of these. To be positive, you would have to have… Negative?

4. The SI unit for charge is… Coulomb, C

5. Conductors allow charges to flow; insulators do not. What are electrical cords made of? Plastic? What about the center? Conductors: material that charges can move freely and can carry electric current. Ex: Copper, Aluminum, Gold, Silver, Water, People, Animals Insulators: material that does not transfer current easily. Ex: cardboard, glass, silk, plastic, rubber

6. Objects can be charged by the transfer of electrons Transfer occurs when rubbing objects together. Think about your cloths, one gains one loses. Charging by friction… A neutral object can be charged by coming in contact with a charged object. Occurs often with doorknobs. Polarization: can occur in insulators. Side closest to comb is positive, side furthest away is negative.

7. Electric Force Electric Force: attraction or repulsion between objects due to charge. Table feels solid, but atoms contain mostly empty space. The electric force between electrons in table and your hand are strong enough to prevent your hand from going through it. This force between on charge and distance. If charge is doubled, electric force is doubled Force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between objects Ex: if distance between two charges doubles, the electric force between them becomes one-fourth its original. Quadrupled becomes one-sixteenth.

8. Electric forces act through a field Electric field: region in space around a charged object that causes a stationary charged object to experience an electric force.