1. Medical Terminology
BASIC WORD STRUCTURE

2. Basic Word Structure Learning a new language- Medicine
Medical Terminology

3. Objectives 1.Analyze words
2.Relate with structure and function of Human body
3.Be aware of spellings and pronounciation

4. 1.Analyze words Divide them into component parts
Do not simply memorize terms
Component parts can be used in different combinations

5. 2.Relate with structure and function of Human body
Memorization of term, although essential for retention of language, but should not become primary objective of your study
Example
Hepatitis-inflammation of liver
Hepat + itis
Hepat -liver
Itis - inflammation

6. 3.Be aware of spellings and pronounciation
Some medical terms are pronounced alike but are spelled differently
ILIUM and ILEUM
GYNECOLOGIST and GYNECOLOGY
URETHRA and URETER

8. ILIUM and ILEUM
The ilium is one of the bones which makes up the hipbone. It is the largest of the three hipbones, and can be felt as the hip.

9. How to divide words into component parts
Root
Combining vowel
Suffix

10. Hematology Hematology Heme/Hemat O Logy Heme-Hemat – Blood (Root)
Logy- Study of (Suffix)
O – (combining vowel)

11. Electr / o / cardi /o/ gram
Electr – electricity Cardi- Heart (Root)
Gram – record (Suffix)
O – (combining vowel)
Record of electricity of heart or
Recording of electrical activity of Heart

12. Summary ROOT---gives the essential meaning of the term.
SUFFIX---is the word ending
PREFIX---is a small part added to the beginning of a term.
COMBINING VOWEL---connects roots to suffix and roots to other roots.
COMBINING FORM---is the combination of the root and the combining vowel.

13. IMPORTANT RULES TO REMEMBER
READ the meaning of medical words from the suffix to the beginning of the word and then across.
DROP the combining vowel before a suffix that starts with a vowel.
KEEP the combining vowel between word roots,even if the second root begins with a vowel.

14. COMBINING FORMS COMBINING FORM MEANING MEDICAL TERM Aden/o gland
adenoma
Arthr/o
joint
arthritis
Bi/o
life
biology
Carcin/o
cancer
carcinoma
Cephal/o
head
Cephalic
Cerebr/o
cerebrum
cerebral
Cyst/o
Urinary bladder
Cystoscope
Thromb/o
clotting
thrombocyte

15. COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES
Suffix Meaning
-algia G. algos, pain.e.g arthralgia
-ectomy G. ek-tome, cutting out.
-itis G. suffix indicating inflammation.
-al. Meaning pertaining to e.g neural
-cyte meaning cell e.g leukocyte,erythrocyte,thrombocytes
-globin meaning protein e.g hemoglobin

16. COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES
-logy G. logos, study of e.g nephrology
-opia G. opsis, sight.
-rhoea G. rhein, to flow.
-scopy G. skopein, to view e.g laparoscopy
-uria G. ouron, urine.
-scope. Meaning to visually examine e.g cystoscope.
-emia. Blood condition e.g leukemia
-sis. State of e.g prognosis

17. CYSTOSCOPE

18. Laparoscopy for tubal ligation

19. Commonly used prefixes
a-, an- G. lacking, without asexual.
ab- L. away from abduction.
ad- L. to, toward adduction.
af- L. to, toward afferent.
Dia- complete, through e.g diagnosis .

20. Commonly used prefixes
cephalo- G. head e.g cephalic. .
chondro- G. chondras,cartilage e.g chondrocyte.
extra- L. extra, outside e.g extradural.
en-, endo- G. within e.g endocardium.
epi- G. upon, over e.g epicardium.

21. Commonly used prefixes
exo- G. outside e.g exophthalmos.
extra- L. outside e.g extracellular.
gastro- G.stomach,belly e.g gastrocolic reflex.
hemi- G. half e.g hemisphere.
Hyper- meaning excessive,too much e.g hyperthyroidism
Hypo-meaning below,less than normal e.g hypothyroidism.

22. THYROID GLAND and exophthalmos

23. Commonly used prefixes
infra- below e.g infraorbital.
inter- between e.g intervertebral.
intra- inside, within e.g intramuscular.
macro- big, large e.g macrocyte.
mega- great e.g megalocyte.
meta- after e.g metacarpal.
mes-, meso- middle e.g mesogastrium.
micro- small e.g microscope.
myo- mys, muscle combining form of muscle

24. Commonly used prefixes
osteo- G. osteon, bone osteocyte.
para- G. by the side of paravertebral.
peri- G. around
post- L. after, behind postaxial.
prae-, pre- L. before prenatal.
pro- G. before, for pronephros.
neuro- neuron, nerve combining form of nerve
Oo- oon, egg e.g oocyte,

25. Commonly used prefixes
retro- L. backward, behind retroperitoneal.
sub- L. under subclavius.
supra- L. above supraspinatous.
trans- L. across e.g transpyloric.
ultra- L. in excess, beyond e.g ultrasonic.