1. #Money  Go to your Twitter account. If you do not have a Twitter, find someone in your group who does and work with them to complete this activity.  Create a new Tweet to @MsG_English and include “#money”  Tweet whatever comes to your mind when you hear the word “money.”  Remember, this is something that all of your followers will see, so be clever and APPROPRIATE.

2. Rhetorical Appeals A Brief Review of Ethos, Logos, and Pathos

3. The Plan…  Over the next two days, we are going to review our prior knowledge of rhetorical appeals by analyzing and evaluating visual images, video clips, and recent articles related to the subject of money – specifically the hot button issue of student loan debt.  Later this week, we will look at a notoriously difficult prompt from a past AP Language and Composition test as well as the responses to it.  Then, you will compose your own response to a timed- writing prompt by applying the skills we practiced throughout the week.

4. Learning Objective… ✍ By the end of class today, you will have: ✎ Activated and added to your prior knowledge of the three rhetorical appeals ✎ Analyzed the use of rhetorical appeals in various texts

5.  After analyzing the relationship of speaker to subject, audience to speaker, and audience to subject, a writer is ready to make some strategic choices.  One choice is how to persuade the audience by appealing to ethos, logos, and pathos.

6.  Speakers and writers appeal to ethos, or character, to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy.  Example: In a speech discouraging children from using alcohol, speakers might appeal to ethos by stressing that they are concerned parents, psychologists specializing in alcoholism, or recovering alcoholics themselves.

7.  Appeals to ethos often emphasize shared values between the speaker and the audience.  Example: When a parent speaks to other parents in the same community, they share a concern for their children’s education or well-being.

8.  In some instances, a speaker’s reputation immediately establishes ethos.  In other cases, the speaker establishes ethos through the discourse itself, whether written or spoken, by making a good impression.  That impression may result from a tone of reason and goodwill or from the type and thoroughness of the information presented.  The speaker’s ethos – expertise and knowledge, experience, training, sincerity, or a combination of these – gives the audience a reason for listening.

9.  Writers and speakers appear to logos, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas.  Appealing to logos means having a clear main idea, or thesis, with specific details, examples, factions, statistical data, or expert testimony, as support.

10.  Logos begins with having a logical idea.  From there, a speaker may appeal to logos by acknowledging a counterargument (i.e. anticipating opposing views that will weaken an argument) by:  Agreeing – conceding – that an opposing argument may be true BUT  Denying – or refuting – the validity of all or part of the argument

11.  Rhetoric can also gain power by appealing to pathos – or emotion.  Although writing that relies exclusively on emotional appeals is rarely effective in the long term, choosing language (such as figurative language or personal anecdotes) that engages the emotions of the audience can add an important dimension.

12.  Although an argument that appeals only to the emotions is by definition weak – its generally propagandistic in purpose and more polemical than persuasive – an effective speaker or writer understands the power of evoking an audience's emotions.  Emotional appeals usually include vivid, concrete description and figurative language.  Additionally, visual elements often carry a strong emotional appeals

18.  Go to Mrs. Patterson’s website and open the document titled “Text for Rhetorical Analysis.”  Work together to evaluate the rhetorical effectiveness of each text in terms of: - subject, speaker, and audience AND - appeals to logos, ethos, and pathos.