1. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory: Status & Plan Laura Beranzoli * and the EMSO-PP Consortium * Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Roma, Italy http://www.emso-eu.org/ KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012

2. EMSO is A Marine Research Infrastructure: permanent, large-scale, deep-sea laboratory to observe and study Marine Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems Climate Change Climate Change Geo-Hazards Geo-Hazards EMSO, EMSO, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap, is the European network of fixed seafloor and water column observatories constituting a distributed infrastructure for long- term monitoring of environmental processes

3. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 EMSO-ERIC will have: EMSO-ERIC will have:  Central co-ordination (statutory seat with central management) seat with central management)  Regional Team (in charge of the EMSO nodes) of the EMSO nodes)  EMSO is in the Preparatory Phase  EMSO is in the Preparatory Phase (2008-2012; 12 Countries involved) with the aim to establish the legal entity EMSO- ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium) in charge of coordinating the infrastructure  The EMSO-ERIC statutes were distributed to and amended by the Funding Agencies to arrive to the final acceptance & signature (within 2012) Full Members: Italy, France, Germany, UK, Spain, Greece Observers: Ireland, Norway, Turkey New Full Member candidate: Romania Arctic Iberian margin Marmara Sea Ligurian Sea W. Ionian Sea Hellenic Arc Secretariat (Italy) …RDs…

4. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas H.A. Ruhl, M. André, L. Beranzoli, M.N. Çağatay, A. Colaço, M. Cannat, J.J. Dañobeitia, P. Favali, L. Géli, M. Gillooly, J. Greinert, P.O.J. Hall, R. Huber, J. Karstensen, R.S. Lampitt, V. Lykousis, J. Mienert, J.M. Miranda, R. Person, I.G. Priede, I. Puillat, L. Thomsen, C. Waldmann Progress in Oceanography, 91:1-33 (2011), doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2011.05.001 Science Objectives of Fixed Ocean Observatories

5. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Geosciences  Seismicity  Gas hydrate stability  Seabed fluid flow  Submarine landslides  Geo-hazard early warning Physical Oceanography  Ocean warming  Wind-driven circulation  Deep-ocean circulation  Benthic-water column interactions  Marine forecasting Biogeochemistry  Solubility pump & ocean acidification  Biological pump  Continental shelf pump  Deep-ocean biogeochemical fluxes Marine Ecology  Climate forcing of ecosystems  Molecules to microbes  Fisheries  Marine noise  Deep biosphere & chemosynthetic ecology Ruhl et al., 2011 Transformative Ocean and Earth Science Socio-economically important topics which cross-cut the outlined science areas include themes spanning numerous spatial and temporal scales such as:  Natural and anthropogenic change  Interactions between ecosystem services, biodiversity, biogeochemistry, physics and climate  Impacts of exploration and extraction of energy, minerals, and living resources  Geo-hazard early warning capability for earthquakes, tsunamis, gas hydrate release, and slope instability and failure  Connecting scientific outcomes to stakeholders and policy makers

6. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 The ESONET Demonstration Missions (DMs) and S&T activities have progressed towards “permanent” installations thus paving the way towards of EMSO Mainly: Geo-Hazards Climate change & Ecosystem LIDO-DM (Cadiz & East Sicily) MARMARA-DM MODOO-DM LOOME-DM AOEM-DM MOMAR-DM EMSO EMSO nodes are located in ESONET key sites

7. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 “Support the development of an … integrated and sustainably funded European Ocean Observing System…to be achieved in coordination with relevant initiatives (e.g. ESFRI…” EMSO is component of the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS)

8. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 INGV Co-ordinator INGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy) Co-ordinator ITU ITU - Istanbul Teknik Universitesi (Turkey) IFREMER IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la MER (France) UiT UiT - University of Tromsø (Norway) NOCS NOCS - National Oceanography Centre Southampton (United Kingdom) HCMR HCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (Greece) KDM KDM - Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V. (Germany) IMI IMI - Irish Marine Institute (Ireland) NIOZ NIOZ - Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek (The Netherlands) UGOT UGOT - Goteborgs Universitet (Sweden) UTM-CSIC - Unidad de Tecnologia Marina - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain) FFCUL FFCUL - Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal) EMSO-Preparatory Phase Partnership

9. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 EMSO Timeline 2011201020122016-20202013-2015 Upgrade and jointly manage initial sites Update February 2012

10. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 The legal organisation/1 The ERIC is considered a suitable legal form by the funding agencies and the community (Strasbourg - Funding Agencies meeting, February 2010) Environmental laws at each EMSO site already reviewed Legal work for the next months will cover: − Funding Agency endorsement of EMSO-ERIC Statutes − Finalisation on the implementation rules ( in-kind contribution assessment, personnel recruitment, etc.) − Signature of MoU among States willing to join the ERIC

11. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 EMSO-ERIC mission (Statute) EMSO-ERIC will coordinate and facilitate access to open ocean fixed point observatory infrastructures according to selection criteria defined by the participating members. The EMSO-ERIC will be the central point of contact for observatory initiatives in other part of the world to set up and promote cooperation in this field EMSO-ERIC will also integrate research, training, and information dissemination activities on ocean observatories in Europe and to enable scientists and other stakeholders to make efficient use of a future network of ocean observatories around Europe. EMSO-ERIC will consist of contributing member states and observer member states and shall ensure maximum benefit by coordinating and focusing the use of the commonly available infrastructure resources EMSO-ERIC aims at integrating the existing open ocean fixed point sub-sea observatories (hereafter referred to as Infrastructures) around Europe, help coordinate their extensions, and in the planning and deployment of new ones. The mission is also to facilitate the operation of the Infrastructures, ensure the continuity and quality of measurement time series acquisition and a reliable and user-oriented data management

12. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Bodies Assembly of Members – The highest decision-making body. AoM delegates the day-to-day responsibility to the executive bodies: Director General, Executive Board Director General and EMSO Coordination Office – Director General – description as before. Includes a coordination office with support staff for admin and finance tasks Executive Board – Heads of the Regional Departments – description as before Regional Departments – As before but there are a number of “Centres of Excellence” devoted to Engineering, e-Infrastructure, Data Management, Education and Outreach etc – change titles as required Scientific Advisory Board – as before but can input to all levels of the EMSO-ERIC

13. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Secretariat EMSO-ERIC central management have to be light, agile, not too costly and will act as a coordinating body, facilitating and coordinating access to observatories Envisioned 2 phases: –Phase 1-Start-up (2-3 years). Small structure (~200-300 K€ per year in average), with part-time personnel implementing the needed functionalities. Part (or all) of the costs can be covered by Italy as hosting Country to facilitate the start-up of the EMSO-ERIC –Phase 2-Regime. Still small structure, with full-time and part-time staff, full functionalities. Personnel is recruited among Member Countries. It will facilitate the contribution in-kind to the secretariat costs

14. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012

15. NEMO (Capo-Passero) ANTARES NESTOR KM3NET

16. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Ligurian Sea

17. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 NESTOR site PROSPECTS -Cable connection with KM3NET nodes with new fiber optic cable (2012-13). -EMSO infrastructure onstruction (2012). Poseidon-III (2010-13) Upgrate seabed observatory Hellenic site 20-1000m Sal, Temp, 500m PAL(Passive Acoustic Listener) Pressure sensor Sal, Temp Meteo, curents, waves POSEIDON I-II Existing stand alone water column and seabed observatory (acoustic link)- real time – Poseidon web

18. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Western Ionian Sea (off Catania) Shore Station Catania harbour 5 km > 2000 m w.d. 20 km Geo-hazard and bio- acoustic module Bio- acoustic module Web 2005 Real-time data transmission 2008Recovery for refurbishment 2012Re-deployment Main goals: Geo-hazards (e.g., tsunami detection) & Bio-acoustics (mammal tracking) ESFRI KM3NeT EMSO Synergy between the 2 ESFRI infrastructures: KM3NeT & EMSO ROV (operative 4000 m) NEMO JB SN1 OνDE TSN Test Site North TSS Test Site South INGV

19. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Western Ionian Sea new payload SensorrateModel 3-C broad-band seismometer *100 HzGuralp CMG-1T (0.0027-50 Hz) Differential Pressure Gauge (DPG)100 HzPrototype Univ. California-St. Diego Hydrophone (Geophysics)100 HzOAS E-2PD Hydrophone (Geophysics)2000 HzSMID (0.05-1000 Hz) 4+4 Hydrophones (Bio-acoustics)96 /192 kHz ** SMID (100-70000 Hz) Absolute Pressure Gauge (APG) *15 to 1 sParoscientific 8CB4000-I 3-C Accelerometer + 3-C Gyro (IMU) *200 HzGladiator Technologies Landmark 10 Gravity meter1 HzPrototype IFSI-INAF Scalar magnetometer1 HzPrototype INGV Vectorial magnetometer0.5 HzMarine Magnetics Sentinel (3000 m) ADCP1 profile/hRDI Workhorse Monitor (600 kHz) CTD + Turbidity meter1 s/hSeaBird SBE-37SM-24835 + Wet Lab 3-C single point current meter2 HzNobska MAVS-3 * tsunami early warning system ** 96 kHz at TSN, 192 kHz at TSS

20. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Tsunameter scheme Triaxial broad band seismomete r (IMU) Acceleromet er+Gyros Triaxial acceleromet er Pressure sensor CPU: signal real time processing, event mode declaration, messages transmission, new detection algorim Storage unit Acoustic modem Buoy Acoustic modem Electronics and data storage and messages management Satellite dual link Meteo station GPS Argos Tilt meter Land stations External world On land seismic network Onboard seafloor observatory

21. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Cable link fromseafloortoshorestationacquisitionandprocessing in land Tsunameter scheme Land stations External world On land seismic network Triaxial broad band seismometer (IMU) Acceleromet er+Gyros Triaxial accelerometer Pressure sensor Onboard seafloor observatory

22. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 The dynamic range of the signal is reduced from about 2m to about 3cm by a filtering chain allowing the detection of a tsunamis of 1 cm against a threshold of 0.9 cm in a very noisy bottom pressure record. The plots are obtained by real bottom pressure data (courtesy of DART) with superimposed synthetic tsunamis (Chierici et al., 2012, in press) Tsunami Detection Algorithm Flow chart

23. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Example of pressure signal recorded during NEAREST mission (1cm H 2 O ~ 1mbar) 3 m 1 month 2 h 2 days 40 cm 2 cm

24. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 at INFN-LNS during final integration work (2011) Two separate views of the magnetometers module with details. (Chierici et al., 2012, in press) SN1 up-grading

25. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 ETNA Activity (recorded by SN1)

26. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 O DE Deployment NEMO-SN1 real-time cabled observatory OνDE acoustic array (INFN - Univ. Pavia) % of slots with sperm whale sounds per day 1 animal 2 animals 3 animals >3 animals

27. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 L i nose Air Depth = 560 ± 5 m L = 3.41 ± 0.05 m Size = 9.72 - 10.50 m Young male or female Depth = 560 ± 5 m L = 3.41 ± 0.05 m Size = 9.72 - 10.50 m Young male or female Bioacustics: Sperm-whale click analysis with the O DE data

28. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 e-Infrastructures for data management, communication and decision making  Real-time and near-real-time data require appropriate storage, data quality assessment and processing/modelling addressable through e-infrastructures  Web-based platform for data and instrumentation remote access

29. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 CIVIL PROTECTION AUTH. POPULATION WARNING CIVIL PROTECTION AUTH. POPULATION WARNING EMSO PORTAL Web server resource scheduling USERS web services web forms SQL … streaming audio & video web forms … GRID CPU computing GRID CPU computing

30. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 The whole system shall be part of a grid The whole system shall be part of a cloud The whole system shall be part of a grid The whole system shall be part of a cloud Technology Transfer & ExchangeTechnology Transfer & Exchange Active and participative Data CollectionActive and participative Data Collection Standardization of data and protocolsStandardization of data and protocols Acquire dataAcquire data Archive and storageArchive and storage Database insertionDatabase insertion Respect standardsRespect standards Coordinate the Local Information systemsCoordinate the Local Information systems Establish the standards, Dictionaries, data policiesEstablish the standards, Dictionaries, data policies Index all the data for data search and retrievalIndex all the data for data search and retrieval Make transparent access interface for authorized data consumersMake transparent access interface for authorized data consumers EMSO e-Infrastructure Human resourcesHuman resources Services Services TrainingTraining EMSO-ERICEMSO-ERIC Non EC countries EMSO Nodes ? ?

31. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 The data classification & Destination LOW rate data ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler APG Absolute Pressure Gauge CTD Conductivity Temperature GRA Gravity meter PCM Currentmeter LOW rate data ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler APG Absolute Pressure Gauge CTD Conductivity Temperature GRA Gravity meter PCM Currentmeter HIGH rate data Seismometer Hydrophone HIGH rate data Seismometer Hydrophone Instrument s Metadata only RDBMS (MySQL) File system (ftp, http) EMSO data main features Seafloor and water-column in situ measurements Continuous time-series of physical parameters Diverse sampling rate: 10 -4 Hz (=1 sample/h) to 10 2 kHz Precise timing when required (e,g., geophysical sensors) [stability 10 -9 ÷10 -11 ] Data policy:  Open access  QC data (data/metadata)  Interchangeable formats

32. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Ocean Observing Systems Integration with other Environmental Research Infrastructures Geophysics Geology Geo-hazards Oceanography Biology, Ecology Geology Other Env RIs

33. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Ocean Observing System Other RIs GEOSS Integration in GEOSS

34. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Ocean Observing Systems And close cooperation with other Research Infrastructures…. KM3NeT KM3NeT

35. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Synergies with other European initiatives EMSO is complementary to other initiatives such as: –EUROARGO as the Eulerian counterpart –KM3NeT with respect to associate sciences –SIOS as the marine component –EPOS for marine and land data integration –ICOS for marine data –EUROFLEETS SI O S

36. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Synergies between the ESFRI ESFRI Infrastructures Sharing facilities (e.g., cables, junction boxex, handling systems, logistics) New developments in marine technology and sensors Approach to newly scientific themes of common interest Impact on education and job creation opportunities (i.e. new expertises) EMSO as reference for the “Associated Sciences” (MoU between legal entities of KM3NeT and EMSO) &

37. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 Public outreach Stake- holders Real- Time Delayed mode Data integration level EMSOEMSO EuroARGOEuroARGOKM3NETKM3NET EUROSITESEUROSITES EUROFLEETEUROFLEET JERICOJERICO Other end-usersScientific users C R O S S - F E R T I L I S A T I O N ESFRI RI An example of integration of Ocean Observation Infrastructures

38. KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 KM3Net Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012 http://www.emso-eu.orgemsopp@ingv.it Paolo Favali, Laura Beranzoli, Pier Luigi Franceschini Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy (Coordinator) Jean-Francois Rolin Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer, France (Deputy Coordinator) Christoph Waldmann Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V., Germany Michael Gillooly, Fiona Grant Irish MarineInstitute, Ireland Juan Jose Danobeitia, Jaume Piera Unidad de Tecnologia Marina-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain Per Hall Goteborgs Universitet, Sweden Vasilios Lykousis Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece Henry A Ruhl National Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK Benedicte Ferré, Jürgen Mienert University of Tromsø, Norway Jorge Miguel Alberto de Miranda, Livia Moreira Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal NamikÇagatay Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Turkey Jens Greinert, Henko de Stigter Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek, The Netherlands