1. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris EMSO European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory Paolo Favali Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy

2. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris EMSO, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures), is the European network of seafloor observatories (cabled & acoustically linked), constituting a distributed infrastructure for long-term (mainly) real-time monitoring of environmental processes related to ecosystems, global changes and geo-hazards to study also the interactions between geo-, bio- and hydro-sphere In the EC-FP7 EMSO Preparatory Phase (12 countries) started in April 2008 for 4 years, with the aim to design and create the legal entity in charge of the infrastructure Favali & Beranzoli, 2009a http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm N GB IR S D F I P E NL GR TU

3. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris INGV INGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy) ITU ITU - Istanbul Teknik Universitesi (Turkey) IFREMER IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la MER (France) UiT UiT - University of Tromsø (Norway) NOCS NOCS - National Oceanography Centre Southampton (United Kingdom) HCMR HCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (Greece) KDM KDM - Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V. (Germany) IMI IMI - Irish Marine Institute (Ireland) NIOZ NIOZ - Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek (The Netherlands) UGOT UGOT - Goteborgs Universitet (Sweden) UTM-CSIC - Unidad de Tecnologia Marina - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain) FFCUL FFCUL - Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)

4. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● EMSO NEPTUNE (Canada) DONET (Japan) MACHO (Taiwan) ● ● MARS (USA) VENUS (Canada) OOI (USA) ● Long-Term, Real-Time Cabled Observatories

5. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Role of the Ocean in Climate Role of the Ocean in Climate Turbulent mixing and Biophysical interactions Turbulent mixing and Biophysical interactions Ecosystem dynamics and Biodiversity Ecosystem dynamics and Biodiversity Fluids and Life in the Ocean Crust Fluids and Life in the Ocean Crust Dynamics of lithosphere and Imaging Earth’s interior Dynamics of lithosphere and Imaging Earth’s interior Scientific Themes http://www.oceanleadership.org/ocean_observing

6. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris EQ faults magma chambers Mantle convection geodetic spreading hydrothermalism Time & Space scales of major ocean and earth processes Redrawn from figure courtesy of Dudley Chelton, Oregon State University (see also Dichey & Chang, 2001)

7. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Interdisciplinary research priorities Physical oceanography water mass characterisation, water column processes, thermodynamics, ice cover, climatology, and impacts on climate change Biogeochemistry global carbon cycle and elemental cycling within the ocean through both physical and biological processes, and ocean acidification Marine ecology distribution and abundance of sea life, ocean productivity, biodiversity, ecosystem function, living resources, and climate feedbacks Geoscience transfer from Earth’s interior to the crust, hydrosphere and biosphere, fluid flow and gas seepage through sediments and gas hydrate, non-living resources, sediment transfer to deep-sea and climate change Geo-hazards earthquake and tsunami hazard, volcanic hazard, slope instability and failure

8. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris DATA multiparametric long-term (years) time-series measurements of sub-sea and water column SEAFLOOR OBSERVATORY MEASUREMENTS Seismic ground motion Gravity Magnetism Geodesy and seafloor deformation Fluid related processes monitoring Chemical and Aqueous Transport (CAT) Pore pressure Gas hydrate monitoring Dissolved Fe, Mn and sulfide species Acoustic tomography CTD equipment for hydrothermal vents Methane Carbon dioxide Heat Flow Nutrient analyzers pH, Eh and alkalinity hydrocarbon fluorescence In situ Mass spectrometer Particle flux trap Image based particle flux Pigment fluorescence Deep biosphere sensors Time-Lapse Cameras Holographic imaging Video Passive acoustics Active acoustics Zooplankton sampling In situ sample processors with molecular/ genetic probes In situ respiration

9. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris EXAMPLES OF RI SERVICES Basics Technical Assistance Power supply and data transmission (e.g., junction boxes) Logistics (e.g., ships, underwater vehicles) Test beds for Validation of prototype of underwater sensors Validation of new devices for underwater observatories Materials in corrosive ambient and lasting high pressure

10. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Main Project Objectives 1.Definition and agreement upon the governance and legal form 2.Design of a financial plan 3.Achievement of a long-term commitment from the involved funding agencies 4.Definition of operational procedures with regard to deployed instrumentation, logistic intervention and maintenance

11. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Technical Economic Plan Creation of EMSO organisation body FUNDING AGENCIES AGREEMENT AND COMMITTMENT EMSO-PP will constitute the roundtable to build consensus among Nations Goals of the Preparatory Phase

12. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Output: Legal Framework and Governance ESFRI Definition for Distributed RI: –“...is a singular Research Infrastructure, having a unique Name and legal status, Management Structure (director or board of directors), Strategy and Development Plan, Access point for users, Annual Report and Fiscal address although its research facilities are distributed in multiple sites...” “This would range between: –An infrastructure having facilities located in different sites, operated solely by one legal entity, and –An infrastructure set up as a central hub which is responsible for the coordinated operation of several closely coordinated facilities...”

13. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Output: financial engineering Research Infrastructure Member States European Commission Other Stakeholders (e.g., Industry) EIB Funding through national programmes Funding through RTD programmes or inclusion in DG- REGIO/DG-DEV strategic plans Loans Up to 50% of project costs

14. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Benefits for the Scientific Community EMSO will bring about a breakthrough on:  Geo-hazard warning  Environmental policies  Understanding the climate impacts and the anthropogenic forcing  High-level training and education of researchers, engineers and technicians  Knowledge and technology transfer  Interaction with industry

15. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Impact Public Policy – Environmental – Resources – Public health and safety – Security Economic Development – Growth of marine technology industry – Innovative technologies – Tourism Education and Public Engagement

16. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Benefits for the Society Natural hazard mitigation (earthquakes, tsunamis) Understanding climate changes Marine environment preservation and sustainable development Strong impact on SMEs in marine technologies Potential involvement of the oil companies and biotecnology industries Impact on education and job creation opportunities

17. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Running S&T activities Status of ESONET/EMSO sites Test sites (shallow water) Permanent infrastructures

18. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Synergies with other ESFRI ESFRI Infrastructures SI O S

19. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Perspectives Short-term: The EMSO Preparatory Phase will create the legal governance to establish and manage the infrastructure In most of the EMSO sites permanent structures are under development Long-term: Multidisciplinary time series (sub-seafloor, seafloor and water column) to study Ecosystems, Global changes, Earth Sciences and Geo-hazards and for Environment protection Platform for data access and management Marine component of GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems)

20. ESONET, 2 nd All Regions Workshop, 5-7 October 2009, Paris Thank you for your attention Paolo Favali EMSO-PP Co-ordinator emsopp@ingv.it