4. Are chemical compounds consisting of a carbonyl adjacent to an Ether linkage. They are derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound.

5. are ubiquitous, they are present fats and oils, pheromones, fragrances, DNA, explosives, and plastics.

6. NameChemical StructureFlavor or Fragrance Propyl acetatePears Octyl acetateOranges Isoamyl acetateBanana Ethyl ButyratePineapple Butyl acetateApple Methyl trans- cinnamate Strawberry

7. Esters are one of a number of compounds known collectively as ACID DERIVATIVES.

8. In an ester, the hydrogen in the -COOH group is replaced by an alkyl group (or possibly some more complex hydrocarbon group).

9. Example 1: Methyl Propanoate Propanoic Acid

10. The hydrogen in the -COOH group is replaced by an alkyl group - in this case, a methyl group.

12. 1.) Methyl formate (C 2 H 4 O 2 ) Methyl methanoate 2.) Methyl propanoate (C 4 H 8 O 2 ) Methyl propionate

13. 3.) Propyl Formate (C 4 H 8 O 2 ) Propyl Methanoate 4.) Ethyl ethanoate (C 4 H 8 O 2 ) Ethyl acetate

14. Alcoholysis of acyl chlorides and acid anhydides. Alcohols react with acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides to give esters: RCOCl + R'OH → RCO 2 R' + HCl (RCO) 2 O + R'OH → RCO 2 R' + RCO 2 H

15. Transesterification Transesterification, which involves changing one ester into another one, is widely practiced: RCO 2 R' + CH 3 OH → RCO 2 CH 3 + R'OH

16. Carbonylation Alkenes undergo "hydroesterification" in the presence of metal carbonyl catalysts. Esters of propionic acid are produced commercially by this method: C 2 H 4 + ROH + CO → C 2 H 5 CO 2 R

17. Keywords: 1.Kinetics (Chemical) 2.Carl ‐ Zeiss spectrophotometer. KINETIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDY OF OXIDATION OF ESTER BY K2Cr2O7

18. We found out that the oxidation of esters occurs in two ways: Hydrolysis followed by the oxidation of alcohol, or direct oxidation of esters. No conclusive evidence was provided iin support of either of the two pathways.

20. www.chemguide.co.uk/ester#1 2272/vqw?.html www.wikipedia.org/ester