1. GERUND Научный руководитель– Агаева Алия А.

2. The –ing Forms in English

3. There are 3 –ing forms in English: the verbal noun, the gerund and the participle I. There are 3 –ing forms in English: the verbal noun, the gerund and the participle I. There are the following differences between the Gerund and Participle I: 1.The Gerund has a nominal character that’s why it can be used as a subject or object of the sentence. P.I lacks the nominal character so it can’t be used as a subject or object. 2.Both –ing forms can be used as predicative but the gerund names the action while P.I just qualifies it. e.g. Looking back upon that time was like remembering something. (gerund, subject) Looking back upon that time I thought that all might have been different. (P.I adv.m.of time)

4. 3. In the functions of an attribute and adverbial modifiers the gerund is always used with prepositions, while Participle in these functions can never be used with any prepositions and sometimes is used with conjunctions. e.g. I like his idea of supporting the family by himself. (gerund, attrib.) The sleeping child looked wonderful.(P.I, attrib.) In some cases it is difficult to identify if the –ing form is gerund or P.I. e.g. a dancing hall – gerund a dancing girl – P.I The gerund doesn’t express any direct action while P.I expresses it.

5. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun The gerund and the verbal have the same suffix – ing but they differ greatly. They are the following differences between them: The Gerund Has tense and voice distinctions can never be used with any articles Can never be used in plural The gerund of transitive verbs can take e.g. She stopped reading the letter. Can be modified by an adverb e.g. He avoided writing letters regularly.

6. The Verbal Noun The Verbal Noun Hasn’t got any other form can be used with articles e.g. I want you to give my hair a good brushing. e.g. I want you to give my hair a good brushing. Can be used in plural e.g. His coming and goings annoyed me. Can be used in plural e.g. His coming and goings annoyed me. Doesn’t take a direct object. It takes a preposition indirect object with the preposition of Doesn’t take a direct object. It takes a preposition indirect object with the preposition of e.g. The running of the water awoke me. It can be modified by an adjective e.g. Suddenly she heard the soft closing of the door.

7. The Gerund and the Infinitive There are some differences between the infinitive and the gerund: There are some differences between the infinitive and the gerund: 1. The gerund lacks the continuous forms. 2. The gerund can never be used with any conjunction, while the infinitive can be used with conjunction. 3. After the verb to stop the gerund is used as a part of the compound verbal aspect predicative. e.g. He stopped listening to me. The infinitive after the verb to stop is used as an adverbial modifier of purpose. e.g. He stopped to pick up his handkerchief.

8. 4. After the verb to remember the gerund refers an action to the past, while the infinitive refers an action to the future. e.g. I remember seeing him before. Remember to tell him about our meeting. 5. After the following verbs and expressions as: to be afraid of, to like, to dislike, to hate to forget, to prefer the infinitive means a concrete action while the gerund has a general meaning. e.g. Don’t forget to shut the windows before leaving the house. It is windy today. Don’t forget shutting the windows on leaving the house.