1. Chapter 22 Cross Cultural Interactions 1000 - 1500 CE

2. 1000 - 1500 people of Eastern Hemisphere traded, communicated & interacted as never before Mongols (pax Mongolica) create conditions for overland trade Improvement in maritime & other technologies led to increased traffic on Indian Ocean.

3. Exchanges on Indian Ocean and Silk Roads included Goods Technologies Religious faiths Diseases (Different effects China & Western Europe) Culture (troubadours see p. 575)

4. Travelers include: Marco Polo and other merchants Ibn Battuta and other Muslim scholars to newly converted Muslim areas. Missionaries - Sufi, Catholic - failed among Chinese and Mongols succeed in Scandinavia, E. Europe, Spain. Diplomats to Europe from Mongols of Persia

5. Recovery in China: Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644 After Mongols, Hongwu creates strongly centralized state Reinstates Confucian system of exams Also use Mandarins and eunuchs

6. Ming economic & cultural recovery from Mongols Forced peasant labor to rebuild infrastructure Promote production of: porcelain, silk, laquerware, cotton textiles Chinese culture stressed - Yongle Encyclopedia

7. Recovery in Western Europe: State Building Review Italy, Spain HRE, France and England

8. Trends Direct taxes as new sources or revenue Standing armies Authority of central governments over nobles Competition leads to small scale wars. States fund technology to improve weapons and ships

9. The Renaissance - cultural flowering that took place in Western Europe 14th - 16th Century Looked to Greece and Rome not medieval world Also linked by trade and preference to Eastern Hemisphere Admired realism This worldly not other worldly Man is the measure of all things Vernacular

10. Begins in Italian City States especially Florence Humanist literature Know people discussed on p. 582 - 584 Linear perspective

11. Linear Perspective

12. Alberti Grid

13. Doge Ruler of Venice (left) Bellini’s Portrait of Maryam (an exemplary “Muslim” Woman”

14. Brunelleschi Sacrestia Vecchia di San Lorenzo (1419-1428)

15. Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence

16. Michelangelo (Pieta in Rome) & Botticelli

17. His Sistine Chapel “Creation”

18. Exploration and Colonization: Recovery from the Plague -China and W. Europe Early Ming emperors allow foreign merchants to trade in Guangzhou & Guangzhou Chinese silk, porcelain & manufactured goods for gems, spices, fabrics Zheng He’s voyages 1405 - 1433 Why do the Chinese pull the plug - what did this mean for history

19. Zheng He - Muslim Eunuch Admiral

20. Chinese and European Ships

21. Unlike Chinese who sailed for diplomatic, political and military influence W. Europeans sought profit and an expansion of Catholicism Portugal - Henry the Navigator. To Ceuta, Maldives, Cape Verde, Sao Tome. Bring slaves from W. Africa to Atlantic islands for heavy labor on plantations. This leads to Atlantic slave trade

22. From Europe Around Africa to Indian Ocean Entrance of Portuguese into Indian Oceans signals the beginning of European Imperialism in Asia. Columbus to New World