1. FROM REVOLUTION TO REFORM IN CHINA

2. COMMUNIST CONTROL OF CHINA  BACKGROUND – AFTER WWII CIVIL WAR RESUMED BETWEEN MAO ZEDONG’S (COMMUNISM) AND JIANG JIESHI’S (NATIONALISTS)  MAO’S FORCES WON AND SET UP THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA  JIANG JIESHI AND HIS SUPPORTERS FLED TO THE ISLAND OF TAIWAN

3. REASONS FOR VICTORY  MAO WON SUPPORT OF A HUGE PEASANT POPULATION  COMMUNIST PLEDGED TO REDISTRIBUTE LAND TO POOR PEASANTS AND END OPPRESSION BY LANDLORDS  MANY WOMEN BACKED MAO  THE COMMUNIST REJECTED THE INEQUALITIES OF THE OLD CONFUCIAN ORDER

4. REORGANIZING THE ECONOMY  WANTED TO MOVE TO AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY  BUILD SOCIALISM AND REPAIR THE ECONOMY  GOVERNMENT DREW UP 5 YEAR PLANS TO DEVELOP AGRICULTURE AND HEAVY INDUSTRY  MAO CALLED FOR COLLECTIVIZATION

5. REMOLDING SOCIETY  MAO BUILT A ONE PARTY TOTALITARIAN STATE, WITH COMMUNIST PARTY SUPREME  COMMUNISM REPLACED TRADITIONAL THOUGHT AND RELIGIONS  ENDED OLD LANDLORD AND BUSINESS CLASSES – IN PLACE PEASANTS AND WORKERS WERE HONORED – THOUSANDS OF LANDLORDS AND MIDDLE CLASS PEOPLE WERE BEATEN AND KILLED  TO INCREASE LITERACY THEY SIMPLIFIED CHINESE CHARACTERS  READING AND WRITING WERE MIXED WITH POLITICAL EDUCATION WHERE STUDENTS LEARNED TO PRAISE MAO ZEDONG

6. CHANGES FOR WOMEN  WOMEN WON EQUALITY UNDER THE LAW  THEY WERE EXPECTED TO WORK ALONGSIDE MEN IN FIELDS AND FACTORIES  STATE RUN NURSERIES WERE SET UP TO CARE FOR THE CHILDREN  ONLY A FEW WOMEN WON PROMOTION TO TOP JOBS IN GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY  WOMEN WERE OFTEN PAID LESS THAN MEN FOR THE SAME WORK

7. ECONOMIC DISASTERS UNDER MAO  GREAT LEAP FORWARD – 1958 – URGED PEOPLE TO MAKE A SUPERHUMAN EFFORT TO INCREASE FARM AND INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT  HE CREATED COMMUNES – SEVERAL VILLAGES, THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF LAND, AND UP TO 25,000 PEOPLE  HAD ITS OWN SCHOOLS, FACTORIES, HOUSING, AND DINING HALLS  EACH COMMUNE HAD A PRODUCTION QUOTA  IT WAS A HUGE FAILURE – THE COMMUNE SYSTEM SLOWED FOOD OUTPUT  BAD WEATHER AND DECLINING FOOD PRODUCTION LEAD TO A TERRIBLE FAMINE  BETWEEN 1959-1961 30 MILLION CHINESE ARE THOUGHT TO HAVE STARVED TO DEATH

8. CHINA AND THE COLD WAR  THE US REFUSED TO RECOGNIZE THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA  1971 – CHINA WON ADMISSION INTO THE UNITED NATIONS  A YEAR LATER NIXON VISITED MAO IN BEIJING  1979 THE US SET UP FORMAL DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CHINA

9. SPLIT WITH SOVIET UNION  STALIN AND MAO DISAGREED ON MANY ISSUES  MAO HAD ADAPTED MARXISM TO CHINESE CONDITIONS  MAO’S REVOLUTION RELIED ON PEASANTS RATHER THAN FACTORY WORKERS AS MARX PREFERED

10. REFORM AND REPRESSION  MAO ZEDONG DIED IN 1976  1981 DENG XIAOPING TAKES OVER  MORE INTERESTED IN RAISING OUTPUT THAN IN POLITICAL PURITY  “I DON’T CARE IF A CAT IS BLACK OR WHITE AS LONG AS IT CATCHES MICE.”

11. ECONOMIC REFORM  FOUR MODERNIZATIONS – AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, SCIENCE, AND DEFENSE  INTRODUCED SOME PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY AND FREE MARKET POLICIES  IN AGRICULTURES, THE RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM REPLACED THE COMMUNES  GOVERNMENT TOOK A SHARE OF THEIR CROPS, BUT THE FAMILY COULD SELL THE REST ON THE FREE MARKET  MANAGERS OF STATE RUN FACTORIES WERE GIVEN MORE FREEDOM  DENG WELCOMED FOREIGN CAPITAL AND TECHNOLOGY

12. CONTINUED  JOINT VENTURES – FOREIGN COMPANIES WOULD ORGANIZE A BUSINESS WITH CHINESE FIRMS, WITH PROFITS SHARED BY BOTH PARTICIPANTS  SET UP SPEICAL ENTERPRISE ZONES – FOREIGNERS COULD OWN AND OPERATE INDUSTRIES  REFORMS LEAD TO GROWTH AND A BETTER STANDARD OF LIVING FOR SOME CHINESE  DOWNSIDE – CRIME AND CORRUPTION GREW  INEQUALITIES INCREASED AS A NEW WEALTHY CLASS EMERGED

13. TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE  BY THE LATE 1980’S CHINESE WERE DEMANDING MORE POLITICAL FREEDOM AS WELL AS ECONOMIC REFORM  THEY WANTED A DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT  DENG HOWEVER DIDN’T WANT TO TALK ABOUT POLITICAL REFORM  MAY 1989 TENS OF THOUSANDS OF DEMONSTRATORS OCCUPIED TIANANMEN SQUARE CALLING FOR DEMOCRACY  DEMONSTRATORS REFUSED TO DISPERSE AND THE GOVERNMENT SENT IN TROOPS AND TANKS  THOUSANDS WERE KILLED WHILE MANY OTHERS WERE ARRESTED AND TORTURED

14. CHALLENGES TODAY  China’s population 1.339 BILLION  1980’S CHINA ESTABLISHED A ONE CHILD POLICY TO LIMIT THE POPULATION  IF YOU HAD ONE CHILD YOU WERE GIVEN REWARDS SUCH AS BETTER HOUSING OR IMPROVED MEDICAL BENEFITS  IF YOU HAD MORE THAN ONE CHILD YOU FACED FINED AND OTHER PENALTIES  THIS POLICY WORKED BETTER IN CITIES THAN IT DID IN RURAL AREAS  WHY?

15. ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES  DENG XIAOPING DIED IN 1997  BETWEEN 1978 AND 2000 CHINA’S GDP QUADRUPLED  WORLD’S SECOND LARGEST ECONOMY BEHIND THE UNITED STATES  PROBLEMS  STATE RUN INDUSTRIES WERE INEFFICIENT  COULD NOT CLOSE BECAUSE THEY WOULD RISK HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT  CITIES WERE OVERFLOWING WITH MILLIONS OF PEASANTS EAGER FOR NEW OPPORTUNITIES  INEQUALITIES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR  COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY WEAKENED  PEOPLE WANTED PROFIT MORE THAN THEY WANTED SOCIALISM

16. HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES  THE GOVERNMENT JAILED CRITICS  CHINA USED PRISON LABOR TO PRODUCE CHEAP GOODS FOR EXPORT  CHINESE SUPRESSED THE TIBETAN BUDDHIST CULTURE AS WELL AS THE FALUN GONG  THE GOVERNEMNT VIEWED THE FALUN GONG AS A POLITICAL THREAT