1. Systems Theory System is a set of elements that combine in an orderly way to create a whole Systems constantly interact with each other Focus is diverted from individual and placed on the interaction between person and environment Goal is homeostasis

2. Application of Systems Theory Apply concepts of systems theory to a system, such as: This class A sorority A social services agency The USA BoundariesSubsystem Suprasystem / Interface RolesInputOutputFeedbackDifferentiationEntropy Negative entropy Equifinality

3. Ecological Theory Assumes a PIE approach Focuses on energy InterfaceAdaptationinterdependence

4. Terms in Ecological Perspective Stressor – circumstance that results in physiological and/or emotional tension Stress – physiological and/or emotional tension produced by a stressor that affects a person’s internal balance Coping – form of adaptation utilizing strategies to regain a person’s internal balance Relatedness – condition of being attached to others in positive relationships Interdependence – mutual reliance of people on each other

5. Personal Characteristics Inherent in the Ecological Perspective Competence – assumption that people are naturally motivated to affect their environment in order to survive –Code of Ethics discusses social work value of dignity and worth of the person and social workers’ responsibility to enhance clients’ capacities and opportunities Self-esteem – extent to which one feels competent and worthy Self-direction – ability for control over own life –Code of Ethics discusses social workers’ responsibility to client self-determination

6. Systems Vs. Ecological Systems is more broad can also refer to non living things Ecological theory refers only to living dynamic interactions Ecological theory refers only to living dynamic interactions Ecological theory focuses on transactions between individuals and the environment and the interface. Systems focuses on the boundaries and substystems and the maintenance of homeostasis

7. Ecosystems Theory Combination of “Ecological Perspective” and “Systems Theory” Organizing framework for understanding human behavior in social environments Used to characterize and explain the behavior of individuals, groups, organizations, or communities even when discussing the application of other theories

8. Involvement with Multiple Systems Micro vs. Mezzo vs. Macro Personal troubles are public issues –Example of interventions with client at various levels: IndividualFamilyGroupOrganizationCommunity