5. Three-Field System BeforeAfter FallowFarm Fallow Farm Fallow means left unfarmed

6. The Three-Field System Could farmers yield more crops using half of their land or two- thirds of their land?

8. Craft Guilds Masons Carpenters Painters Cloth Makers Tanners Blacksmith Butcher Plaster maker Saddle/Harness maker Bakers Shoemakers, or cobblers Apothecaries Candle makers Cheese maker Rope maker Gold/Silversmith Potter

21. The Muslim Connection-  Christian scholars began visiting the Muslim libraries of Spain  Learned new things about math, science, philosophy, and law  Crusaders brought back superior Muslim technology o Ships, navigation and weapons

22. Scholars and Universities- –University- Higher institutions of learning –Most students were wealthy –Wanted a government or church job –Bachelors in theology – 5 to 7 years –Masters in theology- 12 years –Vernacular- Lively everyday language of one’s homeland This brought literature to the people

24. Aquinas and Medieval Philosophy- –Thomas Aquinas argued that religious truths could be proved by logic –Wrote the Summa Theologicae Combined ancient Greek thought with modern Christian thought –Scholastics- Wise school men –As a result of his work people began developing democratic institutions and traditions